GB/T 43681-2024 英文版/外文版/翻译版 生态系统评估区域生态系统调查方法
GBT 43681-2024 英文版/外文版/翻译版 生态系统评估区域生态系统调查方法
生态系统评估 区域生态系统调查方法
1 范围
本文件描述了区域生态系统调查的基本原则、基本流程、调查指标及方法。
本文件适用于行政区域及自然地理区域的生态系统调查。
2 规范性引用文件
下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文 件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于 本文件。
HJ 1167 全国生态状况调查评估技术规范——森林生态系统野外观测
HJ 1168 全国生态状况调查评估技术规范——草地生态系统野外观测
HJ 1169 全国生态状况调查评估技术规范——湿地生态系统野外观测
HJ 1170 全国生态状况调查评估技术规范——荒漠生态系统野外观测
3 术语和定义
下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
3.1
区域生态系统 regional ecosystem
特定空间范围内植物与环境通过物质循环、能量流动和信息传递构成的整体。
注：主要包括森林、草地、荒漠、湿地等生态系统。
3.2
生态系统结构与格局 ecosystem structure and pattern
各类不同生态系统的组成成分、数量特征与空间分布状况。
3.3
生态系统过程与功能 ecosystem processes and functions
生态系统物质循环和能量传递过程及体现出的各种功效和作用。
3.4
遥感调查 remote sensing investigation
利用搭载在卫星、无人机等高空平台的传感器获取生态系统反射、辐射信息，以此为基础研究各类生态系统结构与格局、过程与功能等特征。
3.5
现场调查 field investigation
根据统计抽样方法，利用地面定位和观测仪器获取反映生态系统格局与结构、过程与功能等方面的参数和信息，
4 基本原则
4.1 适用性
充分考虑调查区域的生态系统特征和自然地理环境特点，根据区域生态系统调查的主要目标、内容和任务，选择合理的生态系统结构与格局指标、生态系统过程与功能指标。
4.2 可操作性
综合考虑调查区域的生态系统特点和空间范围大小，客观分析传统现场调查方法、遥感调查方法的可操作性，选择适宜的调查技术方法，保障区域生态系统调查任务的可实施。
4.3 科学性
科学、规范地开展区域生态系统调查的前期准备、数据(样品)采集、数据(样品)分析整理等，确保区域生态系统调查数据的准确性。
5基本流程
区域生态系统调查包括综合考虑调查区域的地理环境概况及目标内容和任务、选择生态系统调查指标、确定生态系统调查技术方法(按照附录A的要求)和具体流程(见图1)。
6调查指标及方法
6.1基础地理环境指标及方法
基础地理环境指标共包括地形地貌、气象因子、水文因子、土壤因子4个一级指标,经纬度等22个二级指标,具体见表1。每项指标的具体调查技术和方法见附录B。
附录A
(规范性)
区域生态系统调查方法
A.1遥感调查
以卫星或无人机遥感为技术手段,直接或间接获取宏观层面上地表生态系统调查的各项指标。
A.2现场调查
利用样地选择和样方布设等方式,对森林、草地、湿地和荒漠生态系统开展调查。现场调查主要用于直接获取群落层面和地表以下的各调查指标。样地选择和样方布设按照HJ1167、HJ1168、HJ1169和HI1170的要求执行。
A.3 资料收集
利用统计年鉴,科技文献等获取区域生态系统调查指标数据,通过气象台站、水文站收集区域生态系统气象水文调查指标数据。
Ecosystem assessment -
Regional ecosystem survey methods
1 Scope
This document describes the basic principles, basic processes, and survey indicators and methods for regional ecosystem surveys.
This document is applicable to ecosystem surveys in administrative and physical geographical regions.
2 Normative references
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
HJ 1167 Technical specification for investigation and assessment of national ecological status - Field observation of forest ecosystem
HJ 1168 Technical specification for investigation and assessment of national ecological status - Field observation of grassland ecosystem
HJ 1169 Technical specification for investigation and assessment of national ecological status - Field observation of wetland ecosystem
HJ 1170 Technical specification for investigation and assessment of national ecological status - Field observation of desert ecosystem
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
regional ecosystem
a whole formed by plants and the environment within a specific spatial extent through material circulation, energy flow and information transfer
Note: It mainly include forest, grassland, desert, wetland and other ecosystems.
3.2
ecosystem structure and pattern
components, quantitative characteristics and spatial distribution of different types of ecosystems
3.3
ecosystem processes and functions
process of material circulation and energy transfer in ecosystems and the various effects and functions they embody
3.4
remote sensing investigation
a method of using sensors mounted on high-altitude platforms such as satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles to obtain the reflection and radiation information of ecosystems, and using such information as a basis to study the structures and patterns, processes and functions, and other characteristics of various ecosystems
3.5
field investigation
a method of obtaining parameters and information reflecting ecosystem patterns, structures, processes and functions based on statistical sampling methods, using ground-based positioning and observation instruments
4 Basic principles
4.1 Applicability
With full consideration of the characteristics of the ecosystem and natural geographical environment in the survey area, reasonable ecosystem structure and pattern indicators and ecosystem process and function indicators shall be selected according to the main objectives, contents and tasks of the regional ecosystem survey.
4.2 Operability
Through comprehensive consideration of the ecosystem characteristics and spatial extent of the survey area, and based on an objective analysis of the operability of the traditional field investigation methods and remote sensing investigation methods, appropriate survey techniques and methods shall be selected, to ensure the implementation of regional ecosystem survey tasks.
4.3 Scientificity
Preliminary preparations, data (sample) collection, and data (sample) analysis and collation of regional ecosystem surveys shall be carried out in a scientific and standardized manner to ensure the accuracy of regional ecosystem survey data.
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