围绕油气资源的勘探开发技术研究，本期精选发表在《油气地质与采收率》5篇双语文章，欢迎阅读！
精选文章·Selected Articles
01
基于改进蜣螂优化算法的瑞雷波频散曲线反演方法
Inversion of Rayleigh wave dispersion curve based on improved dung beetle optimizer algorithm
【摘要】瑞雷波勘探方法是一种常用的近地表勘探技术，频散曲线反演是瑞雷波勘探数据处理流程中的关键步骤之一。作为一个典型的多参数、多极值、高度非线性的地球物理优化问题，频散曲线的准确、高效反演对计算近地表横波速度场，进而获取地层结构信息具有重要意义。提出一种基于改进的蜣螂优化算法的瑞雷波频散曲线反演方法，使用Halton序列初始化种群个体的位置，更好地控制初始化种群的空间分布；通过种群划分，对不同的子种群采用不同的搜索策略，一方面避免反演搜索陷入局部最优，同时实现算法的快速收敛。使用3个理论地质模型和实际资料，对改进蜣螂优化算法应用于频散曲线反演以获取地下横波速度分布的有效性进行验证。结果表明，与使用当前较为主流的改进自适应遗传算法进行频散曲线反演相比，新方法有效、稳定且能够快速收敛得到最优解。
【Abstract】The Rayleigh wave exploration method is a commonly used near-surface exploration technique, and dispersion curve inversion is one of the critical steps in the data processing of Rayleigh wave exploration. To handle the typical multi-parameter, multi-extreme-value, and highly nonlinear geophysical optimization problem, accurate and efficient inversion of dispersion curves is of great significance for calculating near-surface shear wave (S-wave) velocity fields and obtaining stratigraphic structure information. We proposed a method for the inversion of the Rayleigh wave dispersion curve based on an improved dung beetle optimizer (DBO), where the Halton sequence was used to initialize the position of the population for better controlling their spatial distribution. With population decomposition, specific search strategies were adopted for different sub-populations, avoiding local optimum and realizing fast convergence. In this paper, three theoretical geological models and a set of practical data were used to verify the effectiveness of the improved DBO in the inversion of dispersion curves to obtain subsurface S-wave velocity distribution. The results show that the new method is more effective, stable, and faster in convergence to get optimal solutions, compared with the widely applied dispersion curve inversion by an improved adaptive genetic algorithm.
02
数据驱动与物理驱动融合的双驱动渗流代理模型构建
A data-driven flow surrogate model based on a data-driven and physics-driven method
【摘要】渗流代理模型的构建是油气藏模拟技术研究的前沿方向，而目前广泛使用的纯数据驱动渗流代理模型无理论支撑，对数据数量和质量的要求较高，很大程度上限制了渗流代理模型的发展。为此提出了数据驱动与物理驱动相融合的双驱动渗流代理模型，其在纯数据驱动渗流代理模型的基础上，融合油气渗流理论，模拟预测油气渗流过程。结果表明：相较于纯数据驱动渗流代理模型，即使训练数据极度稀疏，双驱动渗流代理模型仍具有较高的预测精度；通过在训练数据中加入不同等级的干扰噪声，验证了双驱动渗流代理模型的鲁棒性优于纯数据驱动渗流代理模型；通过迁移学习，将训练好的双驱动渗流代理模型应用到新的渗流场，实现了快速收敛并节省了计算资源。
【Abstract】The building of flow surrogate models is the frontier of simulation technology research for oil and gas reservoirs. However, the currently widely used pure data-driven flow surrogate models have no theoretical support and require a high data volume and data quality, which greatly limits the development of flow surrogate models. Therefore, a flow surrogate model based on a data-driven and physics-driven method was proposed in this paper. On the basis of the pure data-driven flow surrogate model, it integrates the flow theory to simulate and predict oil and gas flow processes. Firstly, the dual-driven flow surrogate model is compared with the pure data-driven model. The results show that the proposed model can still maintain high prediction accuracy even if the training data is extremely sparse. Secondly, the robustness of the dual-driven model is explored by adding different levels of noise interference to the training data, and it is verified that the proposed model outperforms the pure data-driven flow surrogate model. Finally, the trained dual-driven flow surrogate model is applied to a new flow field through transfer learning. The model can achieve rapid convergence and save computing resources.
03
高温高压下陆相致密油藏非稳态压裂液渗吸机理研究
Study on unsteady imbibition mechanism of fracturing fluid in tight continental reservoirs under high temperature and high pressure
【摘要】渗吸提采（IEOR）是高效开发具有“三低”特性致密油资源的关键技术。在储层压裂、返排、后续开发等阶段，压裂液与油藏中的岩石、流体相互作用后产生渗吸效应，研究稳态及非稳态压裂液渗吸机理对现场开发具有重要指导意义。为此，首先提出了稳态及非稳态渗吸概念，在模拟高温高压环境的基础上，利用核磁共振技术与物理模拟实验结合，定量表征了不同条件的压裂液渗吸特征差异。结果表明：压裂液稳态渗吸作用尺度为0.01～51.52ms，非稳态渗吸作用尺度为0.01～27.75 ms，且在渗吸初期，二者的渗吸速率最快，渗吸作用优先在小孔（0.01～1.00 ms）中进行，随着反应时间的进行，再进入中孔（1.00～10.00 ms），最后为大孔（>10.00 ms）；非稳态渗吸效率整体高于稳态渗吸，但是非稳态渗吸整体较早趋于稳定，小孔是压裂液渗吸效率的主要贡献者，并最先趋于稳定，其次为中孔，最后为大孔；双重介质的渗吸效率虽整体优于单一介质，但各孔喉的渗吸稳定时间相对滞后；非稳态渗吸的渗吸效率与储层渗透率、储层品质因子呈正相关性，且随着渗透率和储层品质的提升，中孔对渗吸的贡献逐步上升，由小孔主导型逐步变为中孔逼近型，最终为中孔主导型。
【Abstract】Imbibition enhanced oil recovery (IEOR) is the key technology to develop tight reservoirs with “three lows” characteristics effectively. The fracturing fluid interacts with the rock and fluid in the reservoirs to produce an imbibition effect in the stages of reservoir fracturing, flowback, and subsequent development. It is of important guiding significance for field development to study the imbibition mechanisms of steady and unsteady fracturing fluid. Therefore, the concepts of steady and unsteady imbibition are first put forward in this paper. On the basis of simulating high-temperature and high-pressure environments, the differences in imbibition characteristics of fracturing fluid under different conditions were quantitatively characterized by combining nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology with physical simulation experiments. The results show that the scales of steady imbibition effects of fracturing fluid are 0.01‒51.52 ms, and those of unsteady imbibition effects of fracturing fluid are 0.01‒27.75 ms. At the early stage of imbibition, the imbibition rates of both kinds of imbibition are the fastest, and the imbibition effects preferentially appear in small pores (0.01‒1.00 ms). As the reaction continues, they appear in mesopores (1.00‒10.00 ms) and then in macropores (> 10.00 ms). The unsteady imbibition efficiency is generally higher than the steady imbibition efficiency, but the unsteady imbibition tends to be stable earlier. Small pores are the main contributors to the imbibition efficiency of fracturing fluid and tend to be stable at first, followed by mesopores and macropores. The imbibition efficiency of double media is better than that of a single medium as a whole, but the imbibition stability time of each pore throat is relatively lagging. The unsteady imbibition efficiency is positively correlated with reservoir permeability and reservoir quality indicators. As permeability and reservoir quality improve, the contribution of mesopores to imbibition gradually increases, and the mesopores gradually replace dominant small pores and finally occupy a leading position.
04
MICP技术及其在油气田开发过程中的应用进展
Progress of MICP technology and its application in oil and gas field development
【摘要】微生物诱导碳酸盐沉淀（MICP）技术是利用微生物的新陈代谢活动诱导沉积碳酸盐，从而对松散物质进行胶结的技术，该技术凭借反应速率可控、高渗透性、绿色环保等优点被广泛应用，具有较好的应用前景。笔者系统综述了MICP技术的作用原理、应用菌种、矿化胶结机制，以及MICP技术在油气田开发领域的应用。MICP技术主要通过尿素水解作用、反硝化作用、硫酸盐还原作用或甲烷氧化作用实现，诱导碳酸盐沉淀的微生物主要分为产胞外聚合物菌、产脲酶菌、反硝化菌、硫酸盐还原菌和甲烷氧化菌。MICP技术的矿化作用产生碳酸盐沉淀，可作为桥梁胶结松散物质，形成统一的整体。将MICP技术应用于油气田开发过程中堵塞孔隙及裂缝，可以在预防出砂的同时改善水驱开发效果，提高油气采收率。
【Abstract】Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) takes advantage of the metabolic activities of microorganisms to induce carbonate deposition and cement loose materials. The technology has been widely used due to its controllable reaction rate, high permeability, and environmental friendliness, having a good application prospect. In this paper, the principle of MICP technology, applied bacteria, mineralization and cementation mechanism, and the application of MICP technology in oil and gas field development are systematically reviewed. MICP can be achieved through urea hydrolysis, denitrification, sulfate reduction, or methane oxidation. The microorganisms inducing carbonate precipitation are mainly divided into extracellular polymer-producing bacteria, urease-producing bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and methane-oxidizing bacteria. The MICP technology can induce carbonate precipitation by mineralization and act as a bridge to cement loose materials so that they can form a unified whole. Thus, MICP can be used to plug pores and fractures to prevent sand production in oil and gas wells and improve the effectiveness of water flooding to enhance oil and gas recovery.
05
塔里木盆地A地区奥陶系断控体内幕精细表征
Fine characterization of Ordovician inner fault-controlled bodies in area A of Tarim Basin
【摘要】断控体储集空间类型多样、结构复杂，储层非均质性强，影响油气藏的勘探开发，准确刻画断控储集体内幕已成为断控体油气藏勘探开发的主要难点。综合地震、测井、录井等多种资料，建立断控体类洞穴的栅状结构模式，并通过地震多属性描述类洞穴的轮廓，自编程序将图像分析与数理统计充分结合，利用角砾带、簇间裂缝带的位置与宽度等参数界定类洞穴的核部与翼部区域，明确类洞穴不同部位的角砾带与簇间裂缝带的发育规模，实现类洞穴内幕角砾带、簇间裂缝带的精细刻画。研究结果表明，类洞穴内簇充填栅状结构由角砾带、簇间裂缝带和栅间基岩组成，且储集性能表现为：角砾带>簇间裂缝带>栅间基岩，角砾带与簇间裂缝带控制类洞穴的储集性。多簇的栅状结构决定储层分隔性及强非均质性；与平移段相比，挤压段栅状体走向发生逆时针偏移10°，拉分段栅状体走向发生逆时针偏移16°。综合走滑断裂类洞穴轮廓与类洞穴内幕等刻画，建立研究区断控体的空间分布模式，为下步断控体油气藏高效勘探开发提供地质依据。
【Abstract】It is a major difficulty to accurately characterize the inner fault-controlled bodies during the exploration and development of fault-controlled oil and gas reservoirs because the fault-controlled bodies are diverse in reservoir space, complicated in structure, and highly heterogeneous in reservoir space. The seismic, logging, and other data were integrated, and the inner breccia zones and intercluster fracture zones of cavern-likes were finely characterized in this paper. The grid structure models of the cavern-like fault-controlled bodies were established, and their contours were described with seismic multiple attributes; the image analysis was thoroughly combined with mathematical statistics by a self-compiled program, and the core and wing regions of the cavern-like were defined by the parameters such as the location and width of the breccia and intercluster fracture zones; the development scales of the breccia zones and intercluster fracture zones in different parts of cavern-likes were determined. The results show that the cluster-filled grid structures of cavern-likes are composed of breccia zones, inter-cluster fracture zones, and inter-grid matrix, and the reservoir properties of breccia zones are better than those of intercluster fracture zones. In addition, they are better than those of the intergrid matrix. The breccia zones and intercluster fracture zones control the reservoir properties of the cavern-like, and the multi-cluster grid structures determine the separateness and strong heterogeneity of the reservoirs. Compared with the translation sections, the grid strike bodies in the extrusion sections are counterclockwise offset by 10°, and those in the pull sections are counterclockwise offset by 16°. The spatial distribution models of fault-controlled bodies in this area are established by combining the strike-slip fault cavern-like contours and the inner cavern-like description, which provides a geological basis for efficient exploration and development of other fault-controlled oil and gas reservoirs.
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《油气地质与采收率》是经国家新闻出版署批准，由中国石油化工集团有限公司主管，中国石油化工股份有限公司胜利油田分公司主办，面向国内外公开发行的石油天然气工程类核心科技期刊。
《油气地质与采收率》以讨论“油气勘探开发新理论、新方法”和“提高油气采收率技术”为主题，报道内容涵盖了油气勘探开发主业的各个专业。设有“油气地质”、 “油气采收率”和“专家论坛”等栏目。
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