围绕生态文明建设研究，本期精选发表在《中国科学院院刊》的5篇双语文章，欢迎阅读！
精选文章·Selected Articles
01
中国生态文明制度体系建设进展与走向
Progress and prospects on institutional system construction of ecological civilization in China
【摘要】十八大以来，我国生态文明建设从理论到实践都发生了历史性、转折性、全局性变化，生态文明制度体系的建设在此过程中起到了关键性的作用。文章利用2012年以来中央相关部委出台的生态文明体制改革文件和相关研究文献，分析了我国生态文明建设制度体系的形成和演化特征，剖析了代表性创新制度的发展历程，预估了进一步深化生态文明体制改革的走向。结果表明，从政策维度上看，生态文明制度可归纳为四大领域：绿色发展、环境治理、生态保护和综合类。其中，绿色发展类制度文件数量最多；从政策权能上看，发布单位以中央层面及多部委联合为主，具有较强的综合性；创新性生态文明制度大多都历经“探索—试点试验—总结与推广”的发展过程，不同制度间联系紧密，相互支撑，构成了极具中国特色的生态文明制度体系。通过梳理发现，未来我国深化生态文明体制改革的预期走向为：加强法律法规保障，强化制度间的高效协同，完善绿色低碳发展政策，加强美丽中国生态文明制度的评估和研究。
【Abstract】Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the construction of Ecological Civilization (EC) in China has undergone historic, transitional, and comprehensive changes from theory to practice. The construction of the system is the core content and the basic guarantee for the success of EC construction. Based on the government documents of EC construction and related research literature, this study analyzes the formation and evolution characteristics of China’s EC construction system, parses the development process of representative innovation policies, and then predicts the trend of the further deepening reform of the EC system. The results show that the relevant policies of EC can be summarized into four categories: green development, environmental governance, ecological protection, and comprehensives. Among them, the number of policies for green development is the most. From the perspective of policy empowerment, the issuing organizations are mainly the central government or multi-ministerial joint effort, with a strong sense of comprehensiveness. Most of the EC policies have gone through the development process of “exploration–pilot test–promotion.” Different EC policies are integrated, and support each other, forming a sound EC system with Chinese characteristics. Therefore, the expected trend of the future deepening reform of China’s EC system includes the following four aspects: strengthening the guarantee of laws and regulations, strengthening the efficient coordination between systems, improving the green and low-carbon development policies, and strengthening the evaluation and research of EC system and Beautiful China.
02
我国生态文明建设地理图景设计研究
Research on geographical landscape design of ecological civilization construction in China
【摘要】文章以美丽中国生态文明建设为导向，对地理图景进行框架设计，认为地理图景是以地学研究要素为对象，根据人地关系互动机理及重要不确定性因素影响做出的一系列关于人地系统的合理展望，其目的是确立并保持区域发展的可持续性。生态文明建设地理图景需要分要素、分阶段、分区域设计，其重要目的之一是达到区域发展的空间均衡，因此其设计是对区域发展空间均衡模型的扩展。不同区域地理图景的建设路径是有差异的，各区域将根据各自综合发展状态的具体特征设计不同的地理图景建设方案。当前学界在我国美丽中国建设、生态文明建设指标体系的对标设计中，对联合国的相关指标体系参照较多，但相较而言，欧盟、美国等发达国家和地区的相关指标体系参考价值更大；选定合适的对标对象，对科学合理设计我国地理图景具有重要意义。
【Abstract】As the fundamental goal of ecological civilization construction in the new era of China, the building of a Beautiful China is an important measure to promote the study of Chinese man-land relationships to a higher level and a new stage of development. This study takes the construction of ecological civilization of Beautiful China as the orientation, and carries on the frame design to the geographical landscape. The geographical landscape takes the elements of geoscience as the research object and makes a series of reasonable outlook about man-land system according to the interaction mechanism of human-land relationship and the influence of important uncertain factors, aiming to establish and maintain the sustainability of regional development. The geographical landscape of ecological civilization construction needs to be designed by elements, stages and regions. One of the important purposes of geographical landscape design of ecological civilization construction is to achieve the spatial balance of regional development. Therefore, its design is an extension of the spatial equilibrium model of regional development. The construction paths of different regional geographic landscapes are different. Each region should design unique construction plan of geographical landscape according to the specific characteristics of its own comprehensive development state. The reference value of United Nations’ SDGs for the geographical landscape design of ecological civilization construction in China is not as good as the relevant index system of advanced countries and regions such as the European Union and the United States, while it is of much significance to select the appropriate benchmark for the scientific and rational design of China’s geographical landscape.
03
黄土高原生态保护和高质量发展现状、问题与建议
Current Conditions, Issues, and Suggestions for Ecological Protection and High-quality Development in Loess Plateau
【摘要】黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展已上升为国家战略。2021年《黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展规划纲要》的发布与实施，促使黄土高原生态建设进入了生态治理成效巩固、经济社会发展转型的关键期。文章系统总结了黄土高原生态建设与社会经济发展的现状特点和主要问题，从生态系统稳定性和可持续性提升、社会经济系统绿色转型、国土空间科学布局、全流域统筹协调治理等方面提出对策建议，为黄土高原乃至黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展提供科技支撑。
【Abstract】The ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin have been prioritized as a national strategy. The release and implementation of the Outline of the Yellow River Basin’s Ecological Protection and High-quality Development Plan in 2021 have placed the Loess Plateau, located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, in a critical phase characterized by the need to sustain ecological restoration achievements while fostering socio-economic progress. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the current conditions and issues related to ecological construction and socio-economic development in the Loess Plateau. It proposes four specific suggestions focusing on improving ecosystem stability and sustainability, promoting a green transition in socio-economic development, implementing scientific territorial planning, and adopting an integrated and coordinated approach to managing the entire Yellow River basin during ecological restoration efforts. The study aims to provide scientific support for the ecological protection and high-quality development of both the Loess Plateau and the Yellow River basin.
04
我国西南喀斯特生态修复的十大问题与对策
Ten problems and solutions for restoration of karst ecosystem in Southwest China
【摘要】西南喀斯特地区是美丽中国建设的重点和难点区域之一，其中包括土壤侵蚀、坡耕地比例、水资源污染、岩溶干旱、生态修复、协同碳汇、城市化生态效应、石漠化治理指标、生物多样性及可持续性评估等方面的问题。文章将喀斯特地区生态修复实践过程中积累的知识综合成土壤侵蚀、坡耕地比例、水资源污染、岩溶干旱、生态修复、协同碳汇、城市化生态效应、石漠化治理指标、生物多样性及可持续性评估等10个方面的问题和解决措施。它们有助于解释在喀斯特生态修复方面实现可持续性所面临的挑战，进而文章也指出了解决办法。它们构成了一套核心原则，可以指导科学家、政策制定者和实践者应对喀斯特生态修复工程中的可持续性挑战。
【Abstract】The karst areas in southwest China are one of the key but difficult areas targeted in the Beautiful China construction initiative, which focuses on soil erosion, proportion of sloping farmland, water pollution, karst drought, ecological restoration, carbon sink, ecological effects of urbanization, rocky desertification management indicators, and biodiversity and sustainability assessment. The study synthesizes the knowledge accumulated during ecological restoration practice in karst areas into 10 problems and solutions that are strong, universal and empirically supported. These problems and solutions help to explain the challenges of achieving sustainability in karst ecology restoration. They constitute a core set of principles that can guide scientists and governments in addressing sustainability challenges in karst ecological restoration project.
05
鄱阳湖极端干旱的影响、成因与对策
Impacts, contributing factors and countermeasures of extreme droughts in Poyang Lake
【摘要】变化环境下鄱阳湖近20年来水文节律发生了显著调整，水位持续下降，干旱化趋势严重。2022年鄱阳湖更是遭遇特大干旱，水位刷新历史最低记录。鄱阳湖极端干旱给湖区经济社会和生态环境带来重大影响，引起了政府和社会的高度重视和广泛关注。文章基于长时间系列气象水文数据分析、已有研究结果及水文预测模拟，分析了鄱阳湖干旱的影响与成因，并提出了对策与建议。
【Abstract】In the past 20 years, the hydrological regime of Poyang Lake changed significantly. The lake water level has been continuously decreasing, resulting in severe droughts. In particular, an extreme drought occurred in 2022, when the lake area shrank to less than 300 km2. The 2022 extreme drought in Poyang Lake had great impacts on economy, society, and ecological environment, which aroused great attention and wide concern. Based on long-term data series of meteorological and hydrological data and the existing research outcomes and with the aid of hydrological modeling, this study analyzed the impacts and contributing factors of the 2022 drought in Poyang Lake. Suggestions are also offered on the potential synergistic regulation of hydraulic engineering to cope with such droughts in the future to secure water safety in the middle Yangtze River.
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