围绕卷烟制造与检测技术的研究，本期精选发表在《烟草科技》的5篇双语文章，欢迎阅读！
精选文章·Selected Articles
01
烟草原料配方对造纸法再造烟叶生产过程质量的影响
Influence of tobacco material formula on production process quality of paper-making reconstituted tobacco
【摘要】为探究烟草原料配方对造纸法再造烟叶生产过程质量的影响，对比分析了实验室和生产线上不同烟草原料配方所制浆料在萃取、制浆、抄造工序中质量指标（含渣量、打浆度等）的变化情况，并对再造烟叶感官质量进行了评价。结果表明：随着烟草原料配方中烟末比例的增加，(1)烟草物料一级萃取液含渣量呈上升趋势，二级萃取液含渣量无明显变化。烟梗比例降低时，一级和二级挤干物料干度呈下降趋势。混合萃取工艺可以降低一级萃取液含渣量，提高一级和二级挤干物料干度。烟梗比例降低时，一级和二级烟草物料中水溶性提取物的提取率呈下降趋势。(2)烟草浆料打浆度呈上升趋势，湿重呈下降趋势。(3)混合浆料滤水量和单程留着率没有明显变化。烟梗比例降低时，片基抗张强度、撕裂度和透气度呈下降趋势。降低烟梗比例可提高再造烟叶的感官质量。
【Abstract】To investigate the influences of different tobacco material formulas on the production process quality of paper-making reconstituted tobacco, the process quality indexes(precipitate content, beating degree, etc.) of pulps prepared with different tobacco material formulas in extraction, pulping, and base-sheet making processes were comparatively analyzed both in the laboratory and on a production line, and the sensory quality of reconstituted tobacco was evaluated. The results showed that: with the increase of the proportion of tobacco dust in the formula, 1) the precipitate content in the primary extraction solution increases, while that in the secondary extraction solution does not change significantly. The dryness of the primary and secondary extrusions decreases as the proportion of tobacco stem decreases. The mixed extraction process can reduce the precipitate content in the primary extraction solution and promote the dryness of the primary and secondary extrusions. As the proportion of tobacco stem decreases, the extraction rates of the primary and secondary water-soluble extracts of tobacco materials decrease. 2) The beating degree of tobacco pulp increases and the wet weight decreases. 3)There is no obvious change in the drainage amount and one-way retention rate of tobacco pulp. As the proportion of tobacco stem decreases, the tensile strength, tearing resistance, and air permeability of the base sheet decrease. Reducing the proportion of tobacco stem can improve the sensory quality of the reconstituted tobacco.
02
基于大气压力补偿的卷烟吸阻检测仪器校准方法
Calibration method for cigarette draw resistance tester based on atmospheric pressure compensation
【摘要】为提高同一卷烟样品在不同大气压力（800～992 hPa）环境下吸阻测量结果的一致性和准确性，分析了卷烟吸阻检测仪器校准过程中大气压力对标准恒流孔（CFO）入口端和吸阻标准棒输出端气体体积流量的影响，建立了一种基于大气压力补偿的吸阻检测仪校准方法，并基于数据拟合确定方法中校准模型的参数；利用6支不同规格吸阻标准棒，分别采用校准模型和两点校准法对不同大气压力下获得的吸阻测量值进行对比。结果表明：(1)大气压力对吸阻检测仪测量结果的影响可以通过测量校准过程中大气压力P与吸阻标准棒实际压降PD进行修正补偿；(2)CFO入口端气体体积流量与大气压力基本满足二次函数关系；(3)与两点校准法相比，采用校准模型在不同大气压力下获得的吸阻测量结果更接近标准压降（平均相对误差<0.15%）且一致性更高（变异系数<0.05%）。该方法可为提高吸阻检测仪测量结果的准确度提供参考。
【Abstract】In order to promote the consistency and accuracy of the draw resistance of the same cigarette sample measured at different atmospheric pressures (800–992 hPa), the effects of atmospheric pressure on the air volume flows through the inlet end of the critical flow orifice (CFO) and the outlet end of the draw resistance standard during the calibration process of the cigarette draw resistance tester were analyzed. A calibration method for the draw resistance tester was established based on atmospheric pressure compensation, and the parameters of the model in the method were determined based on data fitting. The calibration model and the two-point calibration method were used to obtain the measured values of six draw resistance standards of different specifications under different atmospheric pressures. The results showed that: 1) The effect of atmospheric pressure on the measurement results of the draw resistance tester could be compensated by correcting the atmospheric pressure P and the actual pressure drop PD of the draw resistance standard in the measurement calibration process. 2) The air volume flow through the inlet end of CFO and the atmospheric pressure basically complied with the quadratic function relationship. 3) Compared with the two-point calibration method, the draw resistance obtained with the calibration model under different atmospheric pressures was more approximate to the standard pressure drop value (average relative error <0.15%) and more consistent (coefficient of variation <0.05%). This method provides a reference for improving the accuracy of draw resistance tester measurement results.
03
滤嘴对卷烟烟气成分逐口释放趋势的影响
Effects of filter on puff-by-puff releasing trends of mainstream cigarette smoke components
【摘要】为阐明滤嘴对卷烟主流烟气不同成分逐口释放趋势的影响规律，比较了滤嘴卷烟和无滤嘴卷烟63种烟气成分的逐口释放量，通过记录滤嘴卷烟在不同抽吸口数序号时燃烧线的位置，在未抽吸卷烟的对应位置处划线，测定了卷烟阴燃至不同划线位置的烟气成分单口滤嘴截留率，分析了滤嘴截留对卷烟烟气成分逐口释放趋势的影响特征。结果表明：(1)滤嘴卷烟烟气成分逐口释放趋势与沸点相关，随抽吸口数序号增加主要呈现出低沸点成分的释放量持续增加、中沸点成分的释放量先增加后降低、高沸点成分的释放量先增加后趋于稳定3种趋势。(2)无滤嘴卷烟烟气成分逐口释放量随抽吸口数序号增加均呈增加趋势。(3)滤嘴截留率随烟支变短呈增加趋势，不同烟气成分的逐口释放趋势主要取决于其逐口滤嘴截留率的变化幅度。
【Abstract】To investigate the effects of filter on the puff-by-puff release trends of different chemical components in mainstream cigarette smoke, the puff-by-puff releases of 63 smoke components from cigarettes with or without cellulose acetate filters were compared by recording the positions of the burn line for different puff numbers on filtered cigarettes and marking at the corresponding positions of the unlit cigarettes. The individual puff filtration efficiencies of filtered cigarettes for smoke components were determined by allowing the cigarette to smolder to the marked positions, and the effects of filter filtration on the puff-by-puff release trends of cigarette smoke components were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) The puff-by-puff release of smoke components of filtered cigarettes was related to the boiling points of the smoke components. With increasing puff number, there were three main releasing trends, namely, the components with lower boiling points were released continuously, those with medium boiling points were first increased and then decreased, and those with higher boiling points first increased and then stabilized. 2) The puff-by-puff releases of the smoke components of the unfiltered cigarettes all showed an increasing trend as the puff number increased. 3) Filter's filtration efficiencies increased with cigarette rod shortening during smoking, the difference in the puff-by-puff release trends for different classes of smoke components mainly depended on the magnitude of changes of filter filtration efficiencies.
04
基于改进ConvNeXt模型的真假卷烟烟丝识别方法
Method for identifying cut tobacco from genuine and fake cigarettes based on improved ConvNeXt model
【摘要】为实现真假卷烟的快速识别，基于卷积神经网络ConvNeXt模型提出一种不同品牌卷烟烟丝分类识别方法。采集4种品牌卷烟的真假烟丝图像，制作深度学习数据集。基于ConvNeXt模型，引入卷积注意力模块（Convolutional Block Attention Module,CBAM），提高模型的特征提取能力；搭建特征金字塔结构，实现不同尺度的特征融合，增强模型对烟丝图像的特征表达能力；在多尺度融合结构中引入GhostNetV2卷积，降低模型复杂度和计算量。将改进后ConvNeXt＿CM模型以及常用的图像分类模型ResNet50、DensNet121、EfficientNetV2进行对比测试，结果表明：(1)相比原始ConvNeXt-模型，ConvNeXt＿CM模型的宏F1分数达到95.46%，平均精度值达到87.13%，宏精确度与宏召回率分别提升6.08、6.13百分点，模型大小为27.31 M，识别单张图像平均用时0.024 s/张。(2)与ResNet50、DensNet121、EfficientNetV2模型相比，ConvNeXt＿CM模型图像识别性能更加优异，宏F1分数分别提升21.94、20.19、31.05百分点。该方法可为提升模型的图像识别能力、完成烟丝分类识别任务提供支持。
【Abstract】In order to quickly identify genuine and fake cigarettes, a method for classification and identification of cut tobacco from cigarettes of different brands based on ConvNeXt convolutional neural network model was proposed. The images of cut tobacco from genuine and fake cigarettes of four brands were collected to create a deep learning dataset. Based on the ConvNeXt model, a Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) was introduced to improve the feature extraction capability of the model. A feature pyramid structure was developed to achieve feature fusion of different scales and improve the feature expression ability of the model. GhostNetV2 convolution was introduced into the multi-scale fusion structure to reduce model complexity and computational work. The improved ConvNeXt＿CM model and the commonly used image classification models including ResNet50, DensNet121, and EfficientNetV2 were comparatively tested. The results showed that: 1) Compared with the original ConvNeXt model, the macro F1 score and average accuracy of the ConvNeXt＿CM model reached 95.46% and 87.13%, respectively; its macro precision and macro recall rates elevated by 6.08 and 6.13 percentage points, respectively. The size of the model was 27.31 M, and the time needed for identifying an image averaged 0.024 s. 2) The ConvNeXt＿CM model advantaged over the ResNet50, DensNet121, and EfficientNetV2 models in image recognition efficiency, and its macro F1 score elevated by 21.94, 20.19, and 31.05 percentage points, respectively. The proposed method helps improve the image recognition capabilities of the models and cigarette authentication.
05
基于微焦点CT的烟支内部孔隙率检测
Detection of tobacco rod porosity inside a cigarette using microfocus computerized tomography
【摘要】为了研究烟支内部孔隙分布情况，同时解决烟支内部烟丝填充状态测量方法的不足，利用微焦点X射线CT成像技术对烟支进行三维扫描，对获取的透射信息进行处理，得到烟支二维截面图像堆栈和三维重建模型，建立了烟支不同截面、扇段和圆环柱内部孔隙率分析表征方法。对常规卷烟、中支卷烟、细支卷烟和加热卷烟的CT扫描结果进行分析，得出以下结论：(1)烟支轴向不同截面孔隙率分析结果显示，传统卷烟孔隙率变化趋势基本相同，即轴向中间部分在平均孔隙率附近波动，向两端的过程中出现了孔隙率先变小再变大的趋势；而加热卷烟中间部分孔隙率均匀波动，两端孔隙率直接变大。(2)各种类烟支不同扇段孔隙率变化趋势相同，均呈现先下降后上升再下降的趋势。(3)除了常规卷烟中2.5～3.0 mm圆环柱的孔隙率突然增大之外，其他3种烟支中不同圆环柱的孔隙率变化趋势相同，均呈现先上升再下降后上升的趋势。
【Abstract】To study the internal pore distribution of a cigarette and to address some of the shortcomings of the current measurement methods for cut tobacco filling state in cigarettes, three-dimensional scanning was performed by using microfocus X-ray computerized tomography (CT) imaging technology, and the obtained structural information was processed to develop both two-dimensional cross-sectional image stacks and three-dimensional reconstruction model of a cigarette. The analysis and characterization methods for the internal porosities of different cross-sections, fan-shaped segments, and circular columns of cigarettes were established. The CT scanning results of unlit king-sized, demi-slim, slim cigarettes, and heated tobacco rods were analyzed. The results were as follows. 1) The porosities of different cross-sections indicated that the axial changes of conventional, demi-slim, and slim cigarettes were basically the same, namely, the porosities of the middle sections fluctuated around the average porosities, and those of both ends first decreased and then increased. However, the porosities of the middle sections of the heated tobacco product fluctuated uniformly, and those of both ends increased directly. 2) The porosities of different segments of conventional cigarettes and heated tobacco products had the same change trend, namely, first decreased, then increased, and then decreased. 3) Except for the marked increase in the porosity of the 2.5–3.0 mm circular columns in the conventional cigarettes, the porosities of the different circular columns of the demi-slim and slim cigarettes and the heated tobacco rods showed a similar trend, namely, first increased, then decreased, and then increased.
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