as最重要的用法之一,四六级研考等各类标准化考试常考点。80%的考生丢分!
As 引导非限定性定语从句的用法是各类标准化英语考试中的常考题,必须熟练掌握它的特点。
在这种非限定性定语从句中,as一般不代表某个具体的名词或代词,而是代表整个主句或主句的一部分。可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后,甚至可以放在主句的中间。例如:
As is known to all, China remains a developing country in many ways in spite of her rapid economic development.(置于主句之前。)
众所周知,尽管经济发展很快,中国仍然是个发展中国家。
He is a foreigner, as is evident from his accent.(置于主句之后)
他是个外国人,他的口音很清楚地表明这点。
The size of the audience, as we had expected, was well over 1000.(置于句子中间)
正如我们所预期的,观众规模远远超过1000。
你可能注意到了,上面这些例子中主句均为肯定句,那当主句是否定句呢?比如:
Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them.这里的as所代表的内容究竟是spiders are not insect,还是spiders are insect呢?
下面我们了解一下主句为否定句时,as引导的定语从句的修饰范围问题。
1. 当as引导的定语从句位于具有否定意义的主句之前时,as从句所修饰的范围是整个主句的内容,也就是说,把否定意义也包括在内。
eg. As has been said above, grammar is not a set of dead rules.正如前面所说的,语法不是一套死条文。
2.当as引导的定语从句位于具有否定意义的主句之后时,as从句所修饰的范围不包括否定意义。
Greenlands was not a continent, as people thought.格林兰并不像人们所想象的那样是一个大陆。
所以, Spiders are not insects, as many people think.相当于 Spiders are not insects, but many people think they are.
因此,Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them.
意义是:
蜘蛛不是昆虫,尽管许多人都这样认为,它甚至与昆虫几乎没有联系。
3.当as引导的定语从句位于具有否定意义的主句中间时,as从句所修饰的范围也不包括否定意义。
eg. She did not, as her friend had feared, open the case.
她没有打开盒子,而她的朋友就是怕她当面打开盒子。
最后我们看一个句子的错误理解与正确理解。
The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, as is often the case in other countries.
错误理解1.
英国人对不同文化和不同的行为方式不太熟悉,这种情况在其他国家也存在。
错误理解2.
英国人对于不同于自己的文化和行为方式不熟悉,这对于其他国家来说也是常事。
根据前面所说,当as从句前的主句是否定句时,as从句所修饰的内容不包括否定意义。上面这个句子可以改写如下:
The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, but people in other countries are (so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things).
正确理解: 英国人对于与其不同的文化和行为方式不太熟悉,而在其他国家却往往不是这样。
学会了吗?[呲牙]