2020年北京市石景山区一模英语试卷整体评析|she|刘凯|北京市|石景山区|考试|英语

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

做题版试题

How Smartphone Adds to Your Weight

“It may prevent the correct understanding of the brain over the amount of food ingested,” said researchers who filmed 62 volunteers eating alone.

The volunteers, aged 18 to 28, were divided in to three groups and invited to help themselves to a choice of food—ranging from healthy options to soft drinks and chocolate—until they were satisfied. 47 On average, the volunteers ate 535 calories without the distraction of a smartphone but 591 when using a mobile. Those in the sample who were classed as overweight ate 616 calories while using their phones. When in possession of their mobiles, the volunteers also consumed 10 percent more fatty foods. 48

“Smartphone use during a meal increased calorie and fat intake,” said Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimoa, a lead author of the study—carried out at the Federal University of Lavras in Brazil and University Medical Center Utrecht in the Netherlands. He added: “Tablets and smartphones have become the main ‘distracters’ during meals, even early in childhood. 49

A distracter prevents the brain correctly understanding the amount of food accepted.”

50 A more detailed analysis can be found in the journal.

选项

A. They also eat more fatty food.

B. They also ate more when reading a magazine.

C. Distracted or hurried eating can add to weight gain.

D. The study is published in Physiology And Behavior.

E. It is important to pay attention to how this may impact food intakes.

F. Hunger isn’t the only thing that influences how much we eat during the day.

G. They were recorded eating with no distractions, using a smartphone or reading a magazine.

刘凯老师解析：

本文是为2020年北京高三一模（石景山一模）的试题。

根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

How Smartphone Adds to Your Weight

“It may prevent the correct understanding of the brain over the amount of food ingested,” said researchers who filmed 62 volunteers eating alone.

A distracter prevents the brain correctly understanding the amount of food accepted.”

50 A more detailed analysis can be found in the journal.

A. They also eat more fatty food.

B. They also ate more when reading a magazine.

C. Distracted or hurried eating can add to weight gain.

D. The study is published in Physiology And Behavior.

E. It is important to pay attention to how this may impact food intakes.

F. Hunger isn’t the only thing that influences how much we eat during the day.

G. They were recorded eating with no distractions, using a smartphone or reading a magazine.

2020年石景山区高三统一测试英语

学校姓名 准考证号

本试卷共10页，120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）

第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

I gave a dress to my granddaughter Anne for her birthday. With a pause at the dress, she smiled lovingly at me and 1 (tell) me it was beautiful. I was happy that she liked it. One day, passing Anne’s bedroom, I heard her talking 2 the phone. “My grandma gave me this very pink dress,” she said. “I really appreciate it, but who wears pink these days?” I stood there in awkward silence. Then I walked away, 3 (pretend) not to have heard anything.

刘凯老师解析： 我送给孙女安妮一件连衣裙作为生日礼物。她对着我的衣服停了一下，亲切地笑了笑，告诉我那衣服很漂亮。我很高兴她喜欢它。一天，经过安妮的卧室时，我听见她在讲电话。“我奶奶给了我这件粉红色的裙子，”她说。“我真的很喜欢，但是现在谁穿粉红色的衣服?”我站在那里，陷入尴尬的沉默。然后我走开了，假装什么也没听到。

The World Health Organization has said the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) does not spread as 4 (effective) as flu. As the WHO gathers more data, the organization understands more about the novel coronavirus, 5 causes more severe disease than seasonal flu. At the moment, there is no specific treatment for the new virus. Globally, about 3.4 percent of people with reported COVID-19 cases have died. In comparison, seasonal flu generally kills far 6 (few) than 1 percent of those infected (感染).

刘凯老师解析：世界卫生组织表示，这种新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)的传播不如流感有效。随着世卫组织收集的数据越来越多，该组织对这种新型冠状病毒的了解也越来越多，这种病毒导致的疾病比季节性流感更为严重。目前，还没有针对这种新病毒的具体治疗方法。在全球范围内，大约3.4%的报告有COVID-19病例的人已经死亡。相比之下，季节性流感导致的死亡人数通常远远少于1%。

As we live in social groups, there 7 (be) many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy. Generally speaking, close friendships have three “fruits”: they may comfort the heart, advise the head and help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves. Through friendship, we can become happier, wiser, and more 8 (satisfy) humans. It should be pointed that 9 (enjoy) the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends. So friends should be carefully chosen 10 relationships should be well developed.

刘凯老师解析：由于我们生活在社会群体中，我们可以享受友谊带来的许多好处。一般来说，亲密的友谊有三种“水果”:它们可以安慰心灵，给头脑提供建议，帮助我们实现为自己设定的目标。通过友谊，我们可以变得更快乐，更聪明，更满足。应该指出的是，享受一群人的陪伴并不等同于和朋友在一起。所以朋友应该谨慎选择，关系应该良好发展。

第二节完形填空 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

The Deep Roots深根

When I was growing up, I had an old neighbor named Dr. Gibbs. He didn’t look like any 11 I’d ever known. Every time I saw him, he wore 12 and a straw hat. I remember him as someone who was a lot 13 than most of the adults in our community.

在我成长的过程中，我有一个老邻居叫吉布斯医生。他看起来不像我认识的任何一个医生。我每次见到他，他都穿着大衣，戴着草帽。我记得他是一个比我们社区大多数成年人都友好得多的人。

When Dr. Gibbs wasn’t 14 lives, he was planting trees. His house sat on ten acres, and his life’s goal was to make it a 15 .

The good doctor had some 16 theories concerning plant care and growth. He 17 watered his new trees, which flew in the face of conventional 18 . Once I asked why. He said that watering plants spoiled (宠坏) them so that each 19 would grow weaker and weaker. So you have to make things 20 for them and weed out the weaker trees early on. He talked about how watering trees made for 21 roots, and how trees that weren’t watered had to grow deep roots in 22 of water. I took him to mean that deep roots were to be treasured.

He planted an oak and, instead of watering it every morning, he 23 it with a rolled-up newspaper. Smack! Slap! Pow! I asked him why he did that, and he said it was to get the tree’s 24 .

Dr. Gibbs passed away a couple of years after I left home. Every now and again, I walked by his house and looked at the trees that I’d 25 him plant some twenty-five years ago. They’re extremely tall, big and strong since they have deep roots now. However, the trees in my garden swung in a cold wind although I had 26 them for several years.

It seems that 27 benefit these trees in ways comfort and ease never could. I stood there deep in thought.

Every night before I go to bed, I check on my two sons. I stand over them and watch their little bodies, the 28 and falling of life within. I often pray for them. Mostly I pray that their lives will be 29 . But I think that it’s time to 30 my prayer because now I know my children are going to encounter hardship.每天晚上睡觉前，我都要看看我的两个儿子。我站在他们旁边，看着他们小小的身体，看着里面生命的起落。我经常为他们祈祷。我主要祈祷他们的生活将会很容易。但是我认为是时候改变我的祈祷了，因为现在我知道我的孩子们将会遇到困难。

11. A. gardener

B. farmer

C. doctor

D. professor

12. A. uniform

B. overcoat

C. suit

D. dress

13. A. nicer

B. tender

C. richer

D. stronger

14.A. encouraging

B. discovering

C. saving

D. protecting

15. A. landmark

B. castle

C. yard

D. forest

16. A. interesting

B. embarrassing

C. puzzling

D. expecting

17. A. usually

B. never

C. sometimes

D. always

18. A. labour

B. dignity

C. habit

D. wisdom

19. A. generation

B. structure

C. resource

D. pressure

20. A. sensitive

B. particular

C. rough

D. positive

21. A. shallow

B. intensive

C. muddy

D. flexible

22. A. search

B. charge

C. case

D. control

23. A. cover

B. beat

C. push

D. clean

24. A. permission

B. admiration

C. expectation

D. attention

25. A. heard

B. helped

C. made

D. watched

26. A. planted

B. watered

C. burdened

D. firmed

27.A.surroundings

B. sufferings

C. suggestions

D. opportunities

28. A. marking

B. sharing

C. sailing

D. rising

29. A. brave

B. successful

C. easy

D. confident

30. A. observe

B. reveal

C. change

D. mind

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Stories Behind Famous Company Names

Inventor Caleb Bradham had originally wanted to be a doctor but started working in a pharmacy when he returned home to North Carolina. In 1893, he made up what he first called “Brad’s Drink,” a mix of water, sugar, caramel, lemon oil, nutmeg, and other flavors. Five years later, he renamed it Pepsi-Cola. He claimed the drink could help with digestion(消化), or dyspepsia, the term from which Bradham adapted the name Pepsi.发明家Caleb Bradham原本想成为一名医生，但当他回到北卡罗莱纳的家后，他开始在一家药房工作。1893年，他制作了他第一次称之为“布拉德饮料”的东西，这是一种混合了水、糖、焦糖、柠檬油、肉豆蔻和其他口味的饮料。五年后，他改名为百事可乐。他声称这种饮料可以帮助消化或消化不良，而百事可乐的名字正是来源于此。

This luxury car maker combined elements from the Ford and Oldsmobile companies when it was started in 1902 and later became known for its innovation and high quality. The company was named after the French explorer Antoine Laumet de la Mothe Cadillac, who founded the city of Detroit in 1701.

这家豪华汽车制造商结合了福特和奥尔兹莫比尔公司1902年创立时的元素，后来以其创新和高质量而闻名。这家公司是以法国探险家安托万·劳美特·德拉莫特·凯迪拉克的名字命名的，他于1701年创建了底特律城。

Company co-founder Gordon Bowker has said that while brainstorming names, someone brought out a map that featured the old mining town of Starbo. That may have led him to think of Starbuck, the first mate in Herman Melville’s famous novel, Moby Dick. Not only the company name but also the origin of its logo has aroused great curiosity.

公司联合创始人戈登·鲍克(Gordon Bowker)说，在讨论名字的时候，有人拿出了一张地图，上面标出了古老的矿业城镇斯塔博(Starbo)。这可能让他想起了斯达巴克，赫尔曼·梅尔维尔著名小说《白鲸》中的大副。不仅公司的名字，而且公司标志的来源也引起了人们极大的好奇。

The inventor of Rolex, Hans Wilsdorf, was looking to make an elegant, yet precise, wristwatch. He wanted a name that was easy to say, worked in different languages, and looked good on the watches. He settled on Rolex in 1908.

劳力士(Rolex)的发明者汉斯·威尔斯多夫(Hans Wilsdorf)想要制造一款优雅而精密的腕表。他想要一个容易念的名字，可以用不同的语言工作，而且戴在手表上很好看。他在1908年选定了劳力士。

31. Which company name has a close relationship with literature?

A. Pepsi B. Cadillac

C. Starbucks D. Rolex

32. Which of the following statements is True?

A. Caleb Bradham aimed to cure dyspepsia with Pepsi.

B. Hans Wilsdorf intended Rolex to be universally accepted.

C. Cadillac was named after the founding father of the company.

D. Starbucks was used due to the co-founder’s love for his hometown.

33. From the passage, we can learn that .

A. a famous company name is easy to spell

B. a special story can make a company famous

C. a company name usually has a special meaning in it

D. a company name is related to the founder’s profession

When I was small, my mother and I would walk to our local library in Franklin Square. As we didn’t always have access to a reliable car, walking hand in hand was the most convenient way to get anywhere. It was at story time for children that both my mother and I made lasting friendships.当我小的时候，我和妈妈会步行去富兰克林广场我们当地的图书馆。因为我们不是总能找到一辆可靠的车，所以无论去哪儿，手拉着手走路都是最方便的方式。正是在孩子们讲故事的时候，我和母亲建立了长久的友谊。

Today, I am fortunate to live around the corner from the Cold Coast Public Library in Glen Head and a short walk to the Sea Cliff Children’s Library. My 8-month-old son, Colin, and I find ourselves in Sea Cliff several times a week, meeting and making friends. Well, that is what many people don’t understand—a library is more than books; it’s a community.

今天，我很幸运地住在格伦黑德的冷海岸公共图书馆附近，走一小段路就可以到海崖儿童图书馆。我和8个月大的儿子科林(Colin)每周都要去几次海崖(Sea Cliff)，我们在那里见面、交朋友。嗯，这就是为什么很多人不明白图书馆不仅仅是书;这是一个社区。

Sure, the library in Franklin Square was the place where I was introduced to Judy Blume novels. But it was also the place where I got my first email address in 1997. At the library, friends and I learned how to research colleges and search for scholarships on the Internet. The library was the place where we sometimes giggled (咯咯笑) too loudly, and where the librarians knew us by name. Their knowing our names wasn’t a bad thing. When I came home from my first term at Binghamton University, Mary LaRosa, the librarian at the Franklin Square library, offered me my first teaching job.

当然，富兰克林广场的图书馆是我接触朱迪·布鲁姆(Judy Blume)小说的地方。但它也是我在1997年得到第一个电子邮件地址的地方。在图书馆，我和朋友们学会了如何研究大学，如何在网上寻找奖学金。我们有时会在图书馆里大声地傻笑，图书管理员也知道我们的名字。他们知道我们的名字并不是一件坏事。当我在宾厄姆顿大学上完第一学期回家时，富兰克林广场图书馆的图书管理员玛丽·拉罗萨向我提供了第一份教学工作。

I now teach reading at Nassau Community College. My students are often amazed that they can check out books via their smartphones and virtually (虚拟地) visit a variety of Long Island libraries. The app used by Nassau and Suffolk county public libraries, as well as the college library, makes their homework easier by helping them find resources. Even though they can’t always easily visit their local libraries, the library is always with them.

我现在在拿骚社区大学教阅读。我的学生经常惊讶地发现，他们可以通过智能手机查阅书籍，并几乎可以访问长岛的各种图书馆。纳索和萨福克郡公共图书馆以及大学图书馆使用的这款应用程序可以帮助他们找到资源，让他们的作业变得更容易。尽管他们不能总是很容易地访问当地的图书馆，但图书馆总是与他们同在。

34. Why does the author consider herself lucky today?

A. She can walk with her mother hand in hand.

B. She has access to a reliable car now.

C. She can giggle loudly at the library.

D. She lives close to libraries.

35. The underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to .

A. socializing in a library

B. reading books in a library

C. visiting a library with family members

D. building parent-child friendship in a library

36. What is the author’s attitude to her students’ way of visiting libraries?

A. Sympathetic. B. Favorable.

C. Sceptical. D. Disapproving.

37. The author writes the passage mainly to .

A. recall the days of childhood in the libraries

B. discuss the differences of the libraries

C. explain the changes of the libraries

D. express her love for libraries

In 1888 an Egyptian farmer digging in the sand near the village of Istabl Antar uncovered a mass tomb. The bodies weren’t human. They were feline—ancient cats that had been mummified and buried in holes in astonishing numbers. “Not one or two here and there”, reported English Illustrated Magazine, “but dozens, hundreds, hundreds of thousands, a layer of them, a layer thicker than most coal joints, ten to twenty cats deep.” Some of the linen-wrapped cats still looked presentable, and a few even had golden faces. Village children peddled the best ones to tourists for change; the rest were sold as fertilizer (肥料). One ship transported about 180,000, weighing some 38, 000 pounds, to Liverpool to be spread on the fields of England.1888年，一位埃及农民在Istabl Antar村附近的沙滩上挖掘，发现了一座巨大的坟墓。尸体不是人。它们是古代猫科动物，被制成木乃伊并被埋在洞里，数量惊人。据《英国画报》报道，这里不是一两处，而是几十处，几百处，几十万处，一层一层，比大多数煤缝还厚，有十到二十只猫那么深。有些裹着亚麻布的猫看起来还算像样，有些甚至有金色的脸。村里的孩子把最好的卖给游客换换口味;其余的作为肥料出售。一艘重约38000磅的船只运送了180,000英镑到利物浦，并将其分散在英格兰的土地上。

Those were the days of generously funded (资助的) explorations—that dragged through acres of desert in their quest for royal tombs, and for splendid gold and painted masks to decorate the museums of Europe and America. The many thousands of mummified animals that turned up at religious sites throughout Egypt were just things to be cleared away to get treasure. Few people studied them, and their importance was generally unrecognized.在那些日子里，他们进行了慷慨的探险，为了寻找皇家陵墓，为了装饰欧洲和美洲的博物馆，他们拖着几英亩的沙漠，寻找华丽的黄金和彩绘的面具。成千上万的动物木乃伊出现在埃及各地的宗教场所，只是为了得到宝藏而被清除的东西。很少有人研究它们，它们的重要性通常没有被认识到。

In the century since then, archaeology (考古学) has become less of a treasure hunt and more of a science. Archaeologists now realize that much of their sites’ wealth lies in the majority of details about ordinary folks—what they did, what they thought, how they prayed. And animal mummies are a big part of that.从那以后的一个世纪里，考古学变得不那么像寻宝，而更像一门科学。考古学家们现在意识到，他们遗址的财富主要来自于普通人的生活细节，他们做了什么，他们想了什么，他们如何祈祷。而动物木乃伊是其中重要的一部分。

“They’re really displays of daily life,” says Egyptologist Salima Ikram. After looking beneath bandages with x-rays and cataloguing her findings, she created a gallery for the collection—a bridge between people today and those of long ago. “You look at these mummified animals, and suddenly you say, Oh, King So-and-So had a pet. I have a pet. And instead of being at a distance of 5,000-plus years, the ancient Egyptians become clearer and closer to us.”

埃及古物学家萨利玛·伊克拉姆说:“它们实际上是日常生活的展示。”她用x光检查了绷带下面的情况，并把她的发现进行了分类，然后为这个收藏品创建了一个画廊——一个连接今天的人和很久以前的人的桥梁。“你看着这些动物木乃伊，突然你说，哦，国王某某有一个宠物。我有一只宠物。古埃及人与我们的距离不再是5000多年，而是越来越近，越来越清晰。”

38. The underlined word “peddled” in Paragraph 1 probably means .

A. examined

B. displayed

C. replaced

D. shared

39. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?

A. Treasure hunting explorations.

B. Egyptian Royal tombs in desert.

C. Mummified animals in museums.

D. Big archaeological discoveries.

40. From the last paragraph, we can learn that Salima Ikram .

A. wishes to keep the continuity of pets over history

B. wants to identify the King’s personal belongings and classify them

C. believes that studying the remains can help modern society relate to the past

D. doubts if current society will understand the significance of Egyptian remains

41. The passage probably encourages the readers to .

A. make full use of the remains the ancestors left behind

B. become more sensitive to the ancient lifestyle of the ancestors

C. pay more attention to the historical and cultural value of ancient remains

D. understand there are more the historical remains waiting for explorations

What do we mean by responsibility? To put it simply, it is a duty to consider the consequences of our actions. In other words, we have a duty to control our behaviour.责任是什么意思?简单地说，考虑我们行为的后果是一种责任。换句话说，我们有责任控制自己的行为。

When we are children, we have few responsibilities. Our parents look after us and we generally don’t have to worry about food or shelter. As we grow up, we gradually need to be responsible for more and more things. We learn how to run our own baths, make our own decisions, and realize that we have moral duties. As adults, we are responsible for all aspects of our lives. If there are any problems, we have to handle them ourselves.当我们还是孩子的时候，我们几乎没有什么责任。我们的父母照顾我们，我们通常不必担心食物或住所。随着我们的成长，我们逐渐需要对越来越多的事情负责。我们学习如何经营自己的浴室，自己做决定，并意识到我们有道德责任。作为成年人，我们要对生活的方方面面负责。如果有任何问题，我们必须自己处理。

We also have responsibilities that go beyond ourselves. Parents have the responsibility to look after their children, ensuring that they have a stable upbringing. Beyond the family, people have a responsibility towards the community as a whole. It is in fact up to us as a society to make this world a safe and pleasant place for everyone.我们也有超越自己的责任。父母有责任照顾他们的孩子，确保他们有一个稳定的成长环境。除了家庭，人们对整个社会也有责任。事实上，作为一个社会，我们有责任让这个世界成为一个对每个人来说都安全、愉快的地方。

When we fail in our responsibilities, the consequences are most serious. Teenagers who abandon their studies might ruin their own lives. It is even more horrible to hear about parents who, by not caring for their own children properly, are putting them in danger. Likewise, by not following the traffic rules, careless drivers kill more than a million people around the world every year. Certain professions in our society, such as police officers, exist to protect the public, and the people who do these jobs often risk their own lives in order to do their duty. However, their efforts depend on the support of ordinary people. If we ignore our own responsibilities, society will become dangerous. On a global level, our entire human civilization may be heading towards disaster unless we work together to save our environment. 当我们未能履行我们的责任时，后果是最严重的。放弃学业的青少年可能会毁了自己的生活。更可怕的是，听说父母不好好照顾自己的孩子，把他们置于危险之中。同样，由于不遵守交通规则，粗心大意的司机每年在世界各地造成100多万人死亡。我们社会中的某些职业，如警察，是为了保护公众而存在的，而从事这些职业的人往往冒着生命危险去履行他们的职责。然而，他们的努力依赖于普通人的支持。如果我们忽视自己的责任，社会将变得危险。在全球范围内，除非我们共同努力拯救我们的环境，否则我们整个人类文明可能会走向灾难。

Furthermore, whether we are shouldering heavy responsibilities, like doctors or lots, or simply taking responsibility for our own learning as students, we will always be judged on how well we perform our duties. For this reason, the hardest part of acting responsibly is admitting that we failed or that we made a mistake. Let’s say you visit your friend’s house and accidentally damage an expensive teapot while your friend is in another room. The honest thing to do is of course to admit your fault and apologize. Because this requires courage, some people take another route: they pretend that nothing happened. Perhaps a broken teapot might not be such a big deal, but in any given situation, we can choose to act responsibly, and it is somewhat through this choice that we decide what our lives are going to be like. 此外，无论我们是像医生或普通的人一样肩负着沉重的责任，还是仅仅作为学生对自己的学习负责，我们总是会被评价我们如何履行我们的职责。因此，负责任地行事最困难的部分是承认我们的失败或我们犯了错误。假设你去拜访你的朋友，当你的朋友在另一个房间时，你不小心弄坏了一个昂贵的茶壶。最诚实的做法当然是承认错误并道歉。因为这需要勇气，有些人选择了另一条路:他们假装什么都没发生。也许一个破茶壶并不是什么大事，但在任何特定的情况下，我们都可以选择负责任地去做，而在某种程度上，正是通过这种选择，我们决定了我们的生活将会是什么样的。

To summarize, responsibilities are an essential part of life since our actions have consequences. Responsibilities aren’t fun, but we can make the burden lighter by sharing them. If everyone considered how their actions would affect themselves and other people, the world would be a better place.总而言之，责任是生活中必不可少的一部分，因为我们的行为是有后果的。责任并不有趣，但我们可以通过分担责任来减轻负担。如果每个人都考虑到他们的行为会如何影响自己和他人，世界将会变得更美好。

42. The passage tells us that .

A. children have no responsibilities

B. adults often risk their own lives in order to do their duty

C. our responsible actions would make the world a better place

D. responsibilities aren’t fun unless we can make the burden lighter by sharing them

43. According to the author, the hardest part of taking responsibility is .

A. to control our behaviour

B. to handle problems ourselves

C. to affect ourselves and other people

D. to admit our fault and apologize

44. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. Consequence of Responsibility

B. Significance of Responsibility

C. Essential Part of Responsibility

D. Development of Responsibility

45. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?

I: IntroductionP: PointSp: Sub-point (次要点)C: Conclusion

第二节（共５小题；每小题２分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

How Smartphone Adds to Your Weight

智能手机如何增加你的体重

Using a smartphone at mealtimes can lead to an expanding waistline. Researchers have found that men and women consumed 15% more calories when looking at their phones while eating. 46 段中空 The groundbreaking study suggests that staring at a phone screen may distract (分心) dinners from how much food and what they are actually eating.在用餐时间使用智能手机会导致腰围增大。研究人员发现，男性和女性在吃饭时看手机会多消耗15%的卡路里。他们也吃更多的高脂肪食物。这项开创性的研究表明，盯着手机屏幕可能会分散晚餐的注意力，让人忘记吃了多少食物，以及他们实际上吃了什么。

“It may prevent the correct understanding of the brain over the amount of food ingested,” said researchers who filmed 62 volunteers eating alone.研究人员对62名志愿者进行了单独进食的录像，他们说:“这可能会妨碍对大脑摄入食物量的正确理解。”

The volunteers, aged 18 to 28, were divided in to three groups and invited to help themselves to a choice of food—ranging from healthy options to soft drinks and chocolate—until they were satisfied. 47 段中空 On average, the volunteers ate 535 calories without the distraction of a smartphone but 591 when using a mobile. Those in the sample who were classed as overweight ate 616 calories while using their phones. When in possession of their mobiles, the volunteers also consumed 10 percent more fatty foods. 48 段尾空

这些年龄在18岁到28岁之间的志愿者被分为三组，他们被邀请自己选择食物，从健康食品到软饮料和巧克力，直到他们吃饱为止。他们被记录下在没有干扰的情况下进食、使用智能手机或阅读杂志。平均而言，志愿者在没有智能手机干扰的情况下摄入了535卡路里，但在使用移动设备时摄入了591卡路里。样本中那些被归类为超重的人在使用手机时摄入了616卡路里的热量。有了手机后，志愿者们还多吃了10%的高脂肪食物。他们在看杂志时也吃得更多。

A distracter prevents the brain correctly understanding the amount of food accepted.”

50 段首空 A more detailed analysis can be found in the journal.

A. They also eat more fatty food.

B. They also ate more when reading a magazine.

C. Distracted or hurried eating can add to weight gain.

D. The study is published in Physiology And Behavior.

E. It is important to pay attention to how this may impact food intakes.

F. Hunger isn’t the only thing that influences how much we eat during the day.

G. They were recorded eating with no distractions, using a smartphone or reading a magazine.

第三部分书面表达（共两节，35分）

第一节（15分）

假如你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的美国朋友Jim写了一封信，告诉你他开发了一个App，这个软件可以用来共享衣服，想要征集大家的看法。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：

1. 你的态度；2. 理由。

注意：1．词数不少于50；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,

Yours,

Li Hua

（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）

第一节（15分）

一、评分原则1.本题总分为15分，按4个档次给分。2.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言质量初步确定其档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。3.评分时应考虑：内容是否完整，条理是否清楚，交际是否得体，语言是否准确。4.拼写、标点符号或书写影响内容表达时，应视其影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。5.词数少于50，从总分中减去1分。

二、各档次的给分范围和要求

第一档

（13分—15分）

完全完成了试题规定的任务。

* 内容完整，条理清楚；

* 交际得体，表达时充分考虑到了交际的需求；体现了

较强的语言运用能力；

完全达到了预期的写作目的。

第二档

（9分—12分）

基本完成了试题规定的任务。

* 内容、条理和交际等方面基本符合要求；

* 所用语法和词汇满足了任务的要求；

* 语法或用词方面有一些错误，但不影响理解。

基本达到了预期的写作目的。

第三档

（4分—8分）

未恰当完成试题规定的任务。

* 内容不完整；

* 所用词汇有限，语法或用词方面的错误影响了对所写

内容的理解。

未能清楚地传达信息。

第四档

（1分—3分）

未完成试题规定的任务。

* 写了少量相关信息；

* 语法或用词方面错误较多，严重影响了对所写内容的

理解。

0分

未传达任何信息；所写内容与要求无关。

三、范文

One possible version:

Dear Jim,

I feel proud of your novel idea. Personally speaking, I am willing to share my clothes on your app. It feels like I am emotionally connecting someone in my clothes. In turn, I also can try others’ new clothes. We can wear different types of clothes without actually spending any money. Anyway, sharing clothes is a creative way to make full use of them and benefits others as well as myself.

Yours,

Li Hua

第二节（20 分）

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你与同学参与“红十字急救培训”活动的全过程。

注意：词数不少于60。

提示词：救护员证first aider certificate

（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）

一、评分原则：1．本题总分为20分，按5个挡次给分。2．评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言质量初步确定其档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。3．评分时应考虑：内容要点完整性、上下文的连贯、词汇和句式的多样性及语言的准确性。4．拼写、标点符号或书写影响内容表达时，应视其影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。5．词数少于60，从总分中减去1分。

二、内容要点：1.听讲座 2. 看操作 3. 参加考试 4. 获得证书

三、各档次的给分范围和要求

第一档

完全完成了试题规定的任务。

* 覆盖了所有内容要点；

* 运用了多样的句式和丰富的词汇；

* 语法或用词方面有个别错误，但为尽可能表达丰富的内容所致；体现了较强的语言运用能力；

* 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，所写内容连贯、结构紧凑。

完全达到了预期的写作目的。

18分－20分

第二档

完全完成了试题规定的任务。

* 覆盖了所有内容要点；

* 运用的句式和词汇能满足任务要求；

* 语法和用词基本准确，少许错误主要为尽可能表达丰富的内容所致；

* 使用了简单的语句间连接成分，所写内容连贯。

达到了预期的写作目的。

15分－17分

第三档

基本完成了试题规定的任务。

* 覆盖了内容要点；

* 运用的句式和词汇基本满足任务要求；

* 语法和用词方面有一些错误，但不影响理解。

基本达到了预期的写作目的。

12分－14分

第四档

未恰当完成试题规定的任务。

* 漏掉或未描述清楚主要内容；

* 所用句式和词汇有限；

* 语法或用词方面的错误影响了对所写内容的理解。

未能清楚地传达信息。

6分－11分

第五档

未完成试题规定的任务。

* 明显遗漏主要内容；

* 句式单调、词汇贫乏；

* 语法或用词方面错误较多，严重影响了对所写内容的理解。

1分－5分

0分

未能传达任何信息；所写内容与要求无关。

四、范文：One possible version:

Last week, I took part in the Red Cross first aid training.

At the beginning, we assembled in the school hall to listen to the importance and basic steps of first aid. After realizing how important first aid is, we couldn’t wait to learn more. After a short grouping, we were led to a classroom where a trainer demonstrated the detailed procedure. We watched closely as he showed every move. Then came the test for first aid. Although I was nervous, I managed to carry out all the moves taught.

To my excitement, I was issued a first aider certificate. I held the certificate with pride and thought that I could help more people in need with the knowledge of first aid.

刘凯老师介绍：

刘凯，男，蒙古族，黑龙江省齐齐哈尔人。本科为哈尔滨师范大学英语系，硕士为北京理工大学。美国亚利桑那大学访问学者，澳大利亚新兰威尔士大学ESL研修。2018年加州理工学院语言学双学位获得者。

北京市优秀青年教师，北京市级重点高中示范校骨干教师，多年高中一线执教经验，高三年级把关教师，多次参与东城区模拟试题命题工作，教学理念先进，教学成果突出，多篇教学论文获市区级奖项。

教育部课题研究员，参与国家十二五课题计划，并作出突出贡献，参与初中、高中各年级区级试题的命制，多次承担区级和市级研究课任务。

2020年石景山区高三统一测试

英语试卷答案及评分参考

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）

第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

1．told2．on3．pretending4．effectively 5．which

6．fewer7．are8．satisfied9．enjoying10. and

第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）

11．C12．B13．A14．C15．D