捷克布拉格化工大学的Apurva Bhave、Věra Schulzová和Jana Hajlová*等人进行这项研究的目的是鉴定法国万寿菊花（Tagetes patula“ Durango Red”）中存在的类胡萝卜素和类黄酮，以及评估采收日期和采后处理对这些化合物的影响。

类胡萝卜素和类黄酮用各自的标准进行定量，或用相关标准进行半定量。叶黄素及其衍生物在类胡萝卜素中占主导地位，而类黄酮的种类也多种多样，其中万寿菊素是最主要的。在不同的采后处理中，青贮处理的类胡萝卜素（5.0~7.8 g kg-1 dw）和类黄酮（19~50 g kg-1 dw）含量最高。采后不同处理方式极大地影响了单个类黄酮的成分，而采收日期的影响则是次要的。青贮和干燥诱导了不同的代谢途径，导致高分子糖苷化合物降解，从而将化合物转化为其糖苷元或转化为中间类黄酮苷。

根据工业应用的需求，可以采用不同的采后处理技术大规模获取所需的类黄酮。

Abstract

Influence of Harvest Date and Postharvest Treatment on Carotenoid and Flavonoid Composition in French Marigold Flowers

Apurva Bhave, Věra Schulzová, Libor Mrnka, and Jana Hajlová*

The aim of this study was to characterize carotenoids and flavonoids present in French marigold flowers (Tagetes patula “Durango Red”) as well as to assess the effects of harvest dates and postharvest treatments on these compounds. Carotenoids and flavonoids were quantified using their respective standards or semiquantified using relevant related standards. Lutein and its derivatives largely dominated the flower carotenoids, while the flavonoids were diverse with patuletin leading the list. Of the different postharvest treatments, ensilage leads to the highest content of carotenoids (from 5.0 to 7.8 g kg-1 dw) and flavonoids (from 19 to 50 g kg-1 dw). The composition of individual flavonoids was greatly influenced by different postharvest treatments, while the influence of harvest dates was secondary. Ensilage and drying induced separate metabolic pathways leading to degradation of high-molecular glycosidic compounds, converting the compounds either to their aglycones or into the intermediate flavonoid glycosides. We conclude that according to the intended industrial application, different postharvest techniques can be employed to acquire desired flavonoids on a large scale.

该文章《Influence of Harvest Date and Postharvest Treatment on Carotenoid and Flavonoid Composition in French Marigold Flowers》于《Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry》2020年6月出版。

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