大量证据表明,雌激素受体阳性早期乳腺癌术后远处转移复发风险大部分发生于首次诊断后10年以上,故了解绝经前早期乳腺癌术后内分泌治疗长期获益至关重要。不过,既往研究随访时间大多尚未超过10年。
2022年7月21日,美国临床肿瘤学会《临床肿瘤学杂志》在线发表瑞典卡罗林斯卡学院、卡罗林斯卡大学医院、林雪平大学、哥特堡大学萨尔格伦斯卡学院、美国旧金山加利福尼亚大学、巴克老年研究所的STO-5研究二次分析报告,首次对绝经前早期乳腺癌术后戈舍瑞林、他莫昔芬、戈舍瑞林+他莫昔芬联合治疗或未行内分泌治疗患者的20年完整随访结果进行了比较。
该随机对照临床研究于1990年5月~1997年1月入组绝经前早期乳腺癌术后患者924例,按1∶1∶1∶1的比例随机分为4组:
戈舍瑞林组:术后2年每28天皮下注射戈舍瑞林3.6毫克
他莫昔芬组:术后2年每天口服他莫昔芬40毫克
联合治疗组:术后2年戈舍瑞林+他莫昔芬
对照组:未行辅助内分泌治疗
▲STO-5试验流程图(图片来源:参考资料[1])
对随机分组按淋巴结状态进行分层,其中 459例 淋巴结阳性患者给予 环磷酰胺+甲氨蝶呤+氟尿嘧啶 化疗。2020年,分别对其中 731例 和 586例 进行原发肿瘤 免疫组织化学 和 基因表达 分析,根据 70基因 特征确定基因组 低风险 和 高风险 患者。通过生存曲线分析、多因素比例风险回归模型、多因素不同时间可变参数模型对 长期无远处复发间隔 进行定量分析。从瑞典高质量登记数据库获取 20年 完整随访数据。
结果,其中 雌激素受体阳性 乳腺癌患者 584例 ,中位年龄 47岁 。
对年龄、随机入组年份、淋巴结状态、肿瘤大小、肿瘤分级、孕激素受体状态、HER2状态、Ki-67状态和手术类型等其他影响 因素进行校正后, 与对照组相比:
戈舍瑞林组 :长期远处复发风险 减少51% (校正后风险比:0.49,95%置信区间:0.32~0.75)
他莫昔芬组 :长期远处复发风险 减少43% (校正后风险比:0.57,95%置信区间:0.38~0.87)
联合治疗组 :长期远处复发风险 减少37% (校正后风险比:0.63,95%置信区间:0.42~0.94)
▲不同治疗组相较于对照组的无远处复发间隔(图片来源:参考资料[1])
戈舍瑞林与他莫昔芬之间可见显著相互影响(P=0.016)
联合治疗组 与他莫昔芬组相比:长期远处复发风险 增加1% (校正后风险比:1.01,95%置信区间:0.65~1.58)
联合治疗组 与戈舍瑞林组相比:长期远处复发风险 增加27% (校正后风险比:1.27,95%置信区间:0.82~1.95)
▲戈舍瑞林和他莫昔芬对无远处复发间隔的影响,及其相互作用(图片来源:参考资料[1])
对于70基因低风险患者(305例)单用他莫昔芬获益显著:
他莫昔芬组与对照组相比:长期远处复发风险减少76%(校正后风险比:0.24,95%置信区间:0.10~0.60)
联合治疗组与对照组相比:长期远处复发风险减少37%(校正后风险比:0.63,95%置信区间:0.33~1.23)
戈舍瑞林组与对照组相比:长期远处复发风险减少25%(校正后风险比:0.75,95%置信区间:0.39~1.46)
联合组与戈舍瑞林组相比:长期远处复发风险减少15%(校正后风险比:0.85,95%置信区间:0.45~1.62)
联合组与他莫昔芬组相比:长期远处复发风险增加120%(校正后风险比:2.20,95%置信区间:0.99~4.89)
对于70基因高风险患者(158例)单用戈舍瑞林获益显著:
戈舍瑞林组与对照组相比:长期远处复发风险减少76%(校正后风险比:0.24,95%置信区间:0.10~0.54)
联合组与他莫昔芬组相比:长期远处复发风险减少35%(校正后风险比:0.65,95%置信区间:0.30~1.40)
联合治疗组与对照组相比:长期远处复发风险减少31%(校正后风险比:0.69,95%置信区间:0.35~1.35)
他莫昔芬组与对照组相比:长期远处复发风险减少13%(校正后风险比:0.87,95%置信区间:0.41~1.85)
联合组与戈舍瑞林组相比:长期远处复发风险增加236%(校正后风险比:3.36,95%置信区间:1.39~8.07)
▲不同治疗组对于低风险(A-C)和高风险(D-F)患者无远处复发间隔的影响(图片来源:参考资料[1])
此外,70基因低风险患者对他莫昔芬持续20年长期获益,而70基因高风险患者仅对戈舍瑞林有5年早期获益。
▲随着时间推移,无远处复发获益的变化(图片来源:参考资料[1])
因此,该研究结果表明,雌激素受体阳性绝经前早期乳腺癌患者术后2年辅助内分泌治疗可带来20年获益,其中70基因低风险患者对他莫昔芬持续20年长期获益、70基因高风险患者仅对戈舍瑞林有5年早期获益。戈舍瑞林+他莫昔芬联合治疗与单药治疗相比,获益反而减少。通过长期随访评定治疗获益至关重要,不同的远处转移复发可能性,将带来不同的治疗获益和对个体化内分泌治疗的需求。
J Clin Oncol. 2022 Jul 21:JCO2102844.
Twenty-Year Benefit From Adjuvant Goserelin and Tamoxifen in Premenopausal Patients With Breast Cancer in a Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial.
Johansson A, Dar H, van 't Veer LJ, Tobin NP, Perez-Tenorio G, Nordenskjold A, Johansson U, Hartman J, Skoog L, Yau C, Benz CC, Esserman LJ, Stal O, Nordenskjold B, Fornander T, Lindstrom LS.
Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden; Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA.
PURPOSE: To assess the long-term (20-year) endocrine therapy benefit in premenopausal patients with breast cancer.
METHODS: Secondary analysis of the Stockholm trial (STO-5, 1990-1997) randomly assigning 924 premenopausal patients to 2 years of goserelin (3.6 mg subcutaneously once every 28 days), tamoxifen (40 mg orally once daily), combined goserelin and tamoxifen, or no adjuvant endocrine therapy (control) is performed. Random assignment was stratified by lymph node status; lymph node-positive patients (n = 459) were allocated to standard chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil). Primary tumor immunohistochemistry (n = 731) and gene expression profiling (n = 586) were conducted in 2020. The 70-gene signature identified genomic low-risk and high-risk patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis, multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression, and multivariable time-varying flexible parametric modeling assessed the long-term distant recurrence-free interval (DRFI). Swedish high-quality registries allowed a complete follow-up of 20 years.
RESULTS: In estrogen receptor-positive patients (n = 584, median age 47 years), goserelin, tamoxifen, and the combination significantly improved long-term distant recurrence-free interval compared with control (multivariable hazard ratio [HR], 0.49; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.75, HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.87, and HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.94, respectively). Significant goserelin-tamoxifen interaction was observed (P = .016). Genomic low-risk patients (n = 305) significantly benefitted from tamoxifen (HR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.60), and genomic high-risk patients (n = 158) from goserelin (HR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.54). Increased risk from the addition of tamoxifen to goserelin was seen in genomic high-risk patients (HR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.39 to 8.07). Moreover, long-lasting 20-year tamoxifen benefit was seen in genomic low-risk patients, whereas genomic high-risk patients had early goserelin benefit.
CONCLUSION: This study shows 20-year benefit from 2 years of adjuvant endocrine therapy in estrogen receptor-positive premenopausal patients and suggests differential treatment benefit on the basis of tumor genomic characteristics. Combined goserelin and tamoxifen therapy showed no benefit over single treatment. Long-term follow-up to assess treatment benefit is critical.
KEY OBJECTIVE: The long-term endocrine therapy benefit in premenopausal patients with breast cancer, diagnosed early in life, is important to understand, given the long-term risk of distant recurrence in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive disease. The unique STO-5 trial with a complete follow-up of 20 years randomly assigned premenopausal patients to adjuvant goserelin, tamoxifen, combined goserelin-tamoxifen therapy, or no endocrine therapy (control). To our knowledge, for the first time the long-term benefit of goserelin and tamoxifen in premenopausal patients is assessed.
KNOWLEDGE GENERATED: This study demonstrates long-term benefit from 2 years of adjuvant endocrine therapy in ER-positive premenopausal patients. Furthermore, it suggests long-lasting benefit from tamoxifen in genomic low-risk patients with long-term risk of distant recurrence, whereas genomic high-risk patients have early risk and benefit from goserelin.
RELEVANCE: Premenopausal patients with ER-positive breast cancer have long-term benefit of endocrine therapy; however, the heterogenous metastatic potential gives rise to differential treatment benefit and a need for personalized endocrine therapy.
PMID: 35862873
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.21.02844
题图来源:123RF
参考资料:
[1] Johansson A, , et al., (2022). Twenty-Year Benefit From Adjuvant Goserelin and Tamoxifen in Premenopausal Patients With Breast Cancer in a Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Oncol, doi: 10.1200/JCO.21.02844.
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