北师大版高中英语(选择性必修第四册)课文及单词录音 Unit 10|child|little|phrase|she|unit|北师|安妮|录音|高中英语

There is no royal road to learning.

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟。

英汉对照

Lesson 1 How Closely Connected Are We？

第1课我们之间的联系有多紧密？

Unit 10-How Closely Connected Are We？

04:27 来自刘凯老师

Unit 10-How Closely Connected Are We？ 音频：进度条 00:00 04:26 后退15秒倍速快进15秒

Research shows the average person only has regular communication with between seven and fifteen people, and that most of our communication is in fact with five to ten people who are closest to us. However, perhaps we are closer to the rest of the world than we think. “Six Degrees of Separation” refers to the theory that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people.

研究表明，普通人只与7 至15 个人经常保持联系，而且其中大部分的交流实际上只发生在5 到10 个亲近的人身上。不过，也许我们与世界上其他人的联系比想象中的更紧密。“六度分隔”理论说的是地球上任何人都可通过不超过另外五个人与一个陌生人联系起来。

The concept was first talked about as long ago as in the 1920s. The Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy published a book called Everything Is Different in 1929, in which he introduced the idea of friendship networks and his ideas influenced many of our early impressions of social networks.

这个概念早在20世纪20年代就被提出。匈牙利作家弗里吉斯·考林蒂在1929年出版了《一切皆不同》一书，书中介绍了朋友关系网的概念，许多早期关于社交网络的构想都受到他思想的影响。

In the 1950s, an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically; but after twenty years, they still had not had any success. In 1967, an American sociologist called Stanley Milgram tried using a new method to test the theory, which he called the “small-world problem”. He chose a random sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts. The people sending the packages only knew the name, job and general location of the stranger. Milgram told them to send the package to a person they knew personally who they thought might know the target stranger. Once the parcel had been received by this person, he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person. Amazingly, it only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered, and once released, the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today. It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”.

20世纪50年代，两位科学家试图用数学方法证明该理论，但20年过去了，仍未成功。1967年，美国社会学家斯坦利·米尔格拉姆试图用新的方法来验证这一理论，他称之为“小世界问题”。米尔格拉姆在美国中部随机抽取一部分人作为样本，让他们给马萨诸塞州的一位陌生人寄包裹。这些寄送包裹的人只知道这位陌生人的姓名、工作和大致的位置。米尔格拉姆告诉这些人先把包裹寄给认为有可能认识目标收件人的熟人。一旦此人收到包裹，他或她就会将包裹再发给认识的人，直到包裹被送到目标收件人手中。令人惊讶的是，这些包裹只需通过5至7个人就能送到正确的人手中。结果一经公布，便发表在双月刊《今日心理学》上。正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法。

In the last few decades, the theory and the phrase have appeared again. Its name was used as the title of a play and then a film. Then, more films and TV programmes based on the concept were made and broadcast. For example, the Oscar-winning film Babel is based on the concept of “Six Degrees of Separation”. The lives of all the characters were closely connected, although they did not know each other and lived thousands of miles apart. The television series Lost also explored the idea of “Six Degrees of Separation”, as almost all the characters had randomly met each other, or had met someone the other characters knew, before they were all in the same plane crash. In the mid-1990s, two college students in the United States invented a game. The idea of the game was to link any actor to Kevin Bacon, a famous American actor and musician, through no more than six links. Soon the game was being played in universities across the United States.

在过去的几十年里，这一理论和说法又再次出现。它被用作戏剧标题和电影名称。随后，更多基于这一理论的影视节目相继拍摄、播出。例如，奥斯卡获奖影片《通天塔》就是基于“六度分隔”这一概念。影片中所有人物彼此不认识、相隔千里，但他们的生活都是紧密相连的。电视连续剧《迷失》也探讨了“六度分隔”的理论，剧中失事飞机上几乎所有人物此前都曾偶遇，或曾遇见其他人物认识的人。上世纪90年代中期，美国两名大学生发明了一款游戏。这个游戏的玩法是用不超过六个联结将任意一个演员与著名演员、音乐家凯文·贝肯联系起来。这款游戏很快在美国的大学里流行起来。

In 2003, Columbia University tried to recreate Milgram’s experiment on the Internet. This became known as the “Columbia Small-world Project”. The experiment involved 24,163 email chains with 18 target people in 13 different countries. The results confirmed that the average number of links

in the chain was six.

2003年，哥伦比亚大学尝试在互联网上重现米尔格拉姆的实验，被称为“哥伦比亚小世界项目”。这项实验涉及24163个电子邮件链接，覆盖了来自13个国家的18个目标人物。实验结果证实，联络串上的连接平均数量是6个。

Most recently, an experiment in 2011 at the University of Milan analysed the relationship between 721 million social media users and found that 92 percent were connected by only four stages, or five degrees of separation.

最新的是2011年米兰大学的一项实验，该实验分析了7.21亿社交媒体用户之间的关系，发现92%的用户只需通过四个阶段(即五度分隔)，就可建立联系。

So, think about it for a minute: How might you be connected to the driver of the bus you regularly take or the person who delivers your parcels?

所以，思考一下这个问题：你与你经常乘坐的公交车司机或给你送包裹的人可能存在怎样的联系？

英汉对照

Lesson 3 Anne of Green Gables

第3课绿山墙的安妮

Unit 10-Anne of Green Gables 音频：进度条 00:00 05:19 后退15秒倍速快进15秒

Marilla saw Matthew in the front yard and immediately rushed to the door. But when her eyes fell on the odd little figure in the stiff, ugly dress, with the long red hair and the eager, bright eyes, she froze in amazement.

玛丽拉看见马修到前院了，立刻冲到门口。但当她的目光落在那个衣服不合身又难看、长着红色长头发、眼睛热切而明亮的古怪小人身上时，她惊呆了。

“Matthew Cuthbert, who’s that?” she asked. “Where is the boy?”

“马修·卡斯伯特，她是谁？那个男孩子呢？”她问道。

“There wasn’t any boy,” said Matthew. “There was only her.”

“没有男孩子，只有她在那里。”马修答道。

He nodded at the child, remembering that he had never even asked her name.

他向那孩子点了点头，突然想起自己甚至还没有问过女孩儿的名字。

“No boy! But there must have been a boy,” insisted Marilla. “We sent word to Mrs Spencer to bring a boy.”

“没有男孩儿！可是一定得有个男孩儿，”玛丽拉坚持说。“我们给斯宾塞太太捎口信要带个男孩子来的呀。”

“Well, she didn’t. She brought her. She arrived at train station and couldn’t be left there alone.”

“好吧，她没有。斯宾塞太太只带来了这个孩子。她到了火车站，总不能把她一个人扔在那儿吧。”

During this dialogue the child had remained silent. Suddenly she seemed to grasp the full meaning of what had been said. She sprang forward a step and clasped her hands.

俩人说话时，这孩子一声不吭。突然，她似乎完全明白了他们说话的意思，冲上前一步，双手紧握。

“You don’t want me!” the girl cried. “You don’t want me because I’m not a boy! I might have expected it. I might have known it was all too beautiful to last. I might have known nobody really did want me. Oh, what am I going to do? I’m going to burst into tears!”

“你们不想要我！”她大喊道。“你们不想要我，就因为我不是男孩儿！我早就应该料到。我早就应该知道这件事太美好，无法持久。我早就应该想到没人真的想要我。哦，我该怎么办呀？我马上就要哭出来了！”

Burst into tears she did. Sitting down on a chair by the table, throwing her arms on it, and burying her face in them, she proceeded to cry stormily. Marilla and Matthew looked at each other. Neither of them knew what to say or do. Finally Marilla stepped in to try to comfort the child.

她立刻哭了起来。一下坐到桌边的椅子上，扑到桌上，脸埋在臂弯里，放声大哭。玛丽拉和马修面面相觑，都不知道该说什么，也不知道该做点儿什么。最后玛丽拉试着走上前安慰这个孩子。

“Well, well, there’s no need to cry so about it.”

“好啦，好啦，没必要为这事儿哭成这样。”

“Yes, there is need!” The child raised her head, revealing a tear-stained face. “You would cry, too, if you were an orphan and had come to a place you thought was going to be home and found that they didn’t want you because you weren’t a boy.

“有，有必要！”那孩子抬起头，露出一张泪痕斑斑的脸。“如果你是个孤儿，来到一个满以为会成为自己家的地方，却发现他们并不想要你，因为你不是个男孩，你也会哭的。”

“Well, don’t cry anymore. We’re not going to send you off tonight. You’ll have to stay here until we investigate this affair. What’s your name?”

“好吧，别再哭了。今晚我们不会送你走的。在我们搞清楚这件事之前，你先待在这儿。你叫什么名字？”

“Anne,” said the child sadly.

“我叫安妮，”孩子悲伤地说。

“Well, come along, Anne. It’s dinner time.”

“好的，来吧，安妮，该吃晚饭了。”

They all sat down for dinner but Anne could not eat. She tried to enjoy the bread and butter and the apple jam out of the little glass dish by her plate but she had no appetite.

他们都坐下来吃饭，但安妮吃不下。她试着吃点儿面包、黄油和摆在她盘子旁边小玻璃碟里的苹果酱，但一点胃口都没有。

“You’re not eating anything,” said Marilla sharply, eying her as if it were a serious problem. Anne sighed.

“你什么都没吃，”玛丽拉严厉地说，眼睛盯着她，好像这是个严重的问题。安妮叹了口气。

“I can’t. I’m in the depths of despair. Can you eat when you are in the depths of despair?”

“我吃不下。我彻底绝望了。你彻底绝望的时侯还能吃得下东西吗？”

“I’ve never been in the depths of despair, so I can’t say,” responded Marilla.

“我从来没有完全绝望的时候，所以没法回答，”玛丽拉回答道。

“Weren’t you? Well, did you ever try to imagine you were in the depths of despair?”

“你没有过吗？好吧，那你有没有试着想象自己陷入了绝望的深渊？”

“No, I didn’t.”

“不，没想过。”

“I guess she’s tired,” said Matthew. “Best put her to bed, Marilla.”

“我想她一定是累了，”马修说。“最好让她去睡觉吧，玛丽拉。”

Marilla had been wondering where Anne should be put to bed. She decided on the small bedroom on the first floor. She lit a candle and told Anne to follow her, which Anne did, taking her hat and bag from the hall table as she passed. The hall was perfectly clean; the little room in which she found herself seemed still cleaner.

玛丽拉一直在想应该让安妮睡在哪里，最后决定安排在一楼的小卧室。她点了根蜡烛，叫安妮跟着她。安妮跟了上来，路过大厅时从桌子上拿起自己的帽子和包。大厅非常干净，她发现自己进来的这间小屋似乎更干净。

Marilla set the candle on a three-legged table and turned down the bedclothes.

玛丽拉把蜡烛放在一张三腿桌上，铺开床褥。

“Well, undress as quick as you can and go to bed. I’ll come back in a few minutes for the candle. I daren’t trust you to put it out yourself. You’d likely set the place on fire.”

“好了，赶快脱掉衣服上床睡觉吧。几分钟后我会回来拿蜡烛，我可不放心让你自己吹灭蜡烛，你很可能会放火烧了这个地方。”

When Marilla had gone, Anne looked around her sadly. The whitewashed walls were so painfully bare. The floor was bare, too. In one corner was the bed, a high, old-fashioned one of dark wood. Midway between table and bed was the window, with an icy white curtain over it. There was no restroom, but there was a wash stand with a faucet in the other corner. The whole room felt cold and unwelcoming, which sent a shiver through Anne’s bones. With a sob she quickly undressed, put on her nightclothes and jumped into bed where she pressed her face down into the pillow and pulled the clothes over her head.

玛丽拉走后，安妮悲伤地环顾四周。四周的墙壁粉刷得雪白，什么装饰也没有。地板上也空荡荡的，角落里有一张床，一张高高的老式深色木床。桌子和床的中间有一扇窗，窗上挂着一块冰白色的窗帘。房间里没有洗手间，但另一个角落有一个带水龙头的洗漱台。整个房间让人感到寒冷而陌生，安妮浑身打了个冷战。她抽泣着，迅速脱下衣服，穿上睡衣，跳到床上，把脸埋在枕头里，拉过棉被蒙住脑袋。

When Marilla came up for the light, she saw the untidy way the clothing had been thrown on the floor. She carefully picked up Anne’s clothes, placed them neatly on a yellow chair, and then, taking up the candle, went over to the bed.

玛丽拉回来取蜡烛时，看到安妮的衣服乱七八糟地扔在地上，便仔细地拾起衣服，整齐地放在黄色的椅子上，然后拿起蜡烛，走到床边。

“Good night,”she said, a little awkwardly, but not unkindly.

“晚安，”她口气有些生硬，但透着一丝温情。

Anne’s white face and big eyes appeared over the bedclothes. “How can you call it a good night when you know it must be the very worst night I’ve ever had?” she said disapprovingly. Then she dived down into the bedclothes again.

安妮从被子里露出苍白的脸蛋和大眼睛。“你明明知道这一定是我度过的最糟糕的一晚，还说什么晚安呢？”她反驳道。然后又钻进了被子里。

To bed went Matthew. And to bed, when she had put her dishes away, went Marilla, frowning most resolutely. And up-stairs, in the east gable, a lonely, heart-hungry, friendless child cried herself to sleep.

马修上床睡觉了。玛丽拉收拾完盘子，紧紧地皱着眉头，也回到房间休息了。楼上东山墙那边的房间里，一个孤独、心灰意冷、没有朋友的孩子，哭泣着进入了梦乡。

Unit 10-单词词汇表 音频：进度条 00:00 03:31 后退15秒倍速快进15秒

UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS

Topic Talk

clinic诊所,(医院)门诊部n.

gallery美术馆,画廊n.

grocery食品杂货;超级市场n.

stadium体育场,运动场n.

bakery面包烘房,糕饼店n.

cafeteria(工厂、学校等的)自助餐厅,食堂n.

canteen(工厂、学校等的)食堂,餐厅n.

suburb郊区,近郊,城郊n.

forum(互联网上的)论坛,讨论区;讨论会,电视专题讨论节目n.

conflict抵触,冲突,矛盾n.

intervention干涉，干预n.

disagreement意见不合,分歧,争论n.

envy 羡慕,妒忌vt.

friction不和,冲突,摩擦n.

encouragement鼓励,鼓舞;起激励作用的事物n.

hang out I闲待,厮混

disturb干抗,打扰,使中断vt.

apologise道歉,谢罪

Lesson 1

theory学说,理论n.

chain一连串,一系列;链子,链条n.

impression印象,感想n.

network人际关系网,联络网;网络,网状系统n.

sociologist社会学家n.

random随机的,随意的adj.

parcel包裏;邮包n.

release发表,发布;释放vt.&n.

bimonthly两月一次的,一月两次的adj.

phrase成语,习语;警句n.

Lesson 2

additionally除此之外，此外adv.

Closely-knit紧密连结在一起的adj.

frequently经常地,须繁地adv.

household一家人,同住一栋房子的人n.

outskirts市郊,郊区,远离城市中心的地区n.

bond纽带,联系n.

consequence后果n.

Lesson 3

gable山墙,三角墙n.

adopt收养,领养;采取某种方法、政策、态度vi&vt.

stiff挺的,硬的,不易弯曲的adj.

freeze呆住;突然停止;(使)结冰,(使)冻结vi&vt.

amazement吃惊,倞奇n.

\\\\'clasp握紧,抱紧vt.紧,紧抱n

burst into突然……起来(尤指唱歌、哭,笑等)

proceed继续进行,继续做vi.

reveal揭示,揭露;展现,显露vt.

tear- stained有泪痕的adj.

orphan孤儿n.

investigate查明,调查，侦查vi&vt.

sigh叹息,叹气n.

despair绝望n.

dare胆敢,敢于n.&vi.

bare空的,无装饰的,赤裸的,裸露的adj.

faucet水龙头n.

shiver颤抖,哆嗦,发抖vi

bone骨头;骨质物n.

sob抽噎,爱泣;鸣咽着说vi&vt.

pillow枕头n.

dive扑向,急冲进;跳水,潜水vi.

frown皱眉vi.

resolutely坚决地,坚定地adv.

Writing Workshop

appeal有吸引力vi,呼吁，恳请，上诉vi&vt.

Reading Club 1

emperor皇帝n.

sorrow悲伤,悲痛;不幸n.

republic共和国n.

Reading Club 2

loan货款n.

forgiveness原谅,宽恕n.

debt债务,欠款n.

interrupt打断(某人的)讲话,中断(某人的)行动,打扰vi&vt

legal法律的;法律允许的,合法的adj.

document公文,文件n.

words and expressions

UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS

Topic Talk

clinic诊所,(医院)门诊部n.

gallery美术馆,画廊n.

grocery食品杂货;超级市场n.

stadium体育场,运动场n.

bakery面包烘房,糕饼店n.

cafeteria(工厂、学校等的)自助餐厅,食堂n.

canteen(工厂、学校等的)食堂,餐厅n.

suburb郊区,近郊,城郊n.

forum(互联网上的)论坛,讨论区;讨论会,电视专题讨论节目n.

conflict抵触,冲突,矛盾n.

intervention干涉，干预n.

disagreement意见不合,分歧,争论n.

envy 羡慕,妒忌vt.

friction不和,冲突,摩擦n.

encouragement鼓励,鼓舞;起激励作用的事物n.

hang out I闲待,厮混

disturb干抗,打扰,使中断vt.

apologise道歉,谢罪

Lesson 1

theory学说,理论n.

chain一连串,一系列;链子,链条n.

impression印象,感想n.

network人际关系网,联络网;网络,网状系统n.

sociologist社会学家n.

random随机的,随意的adj.

parcel包裏;邮包n.

release发表,发布;释放vt.&n.

bimonthly两月一次的,一月两次的adj.

phrase成语,习语;警句n.

Lesson 2

additionally除此之外，此外adv.

Closely-knit紧密连结在一起的adj.

frequently经常地,须繁地adv.

household一家人,同住一栋房子的人n.

outskirts市郊,郊区,远离城市中心的地区n.

bond纽带,联系n.

consequence后果n.

Lesson 3

gable山墙,三角墙n.

adopt收养,领养;采取某种方法、政策、态度vi&vt.

stiff挺的,硬的,不易弯曲的adj.

freeze呆住;突然停止;(使)结冰,(使)冻结vi&vt.

amazement吃惊,倞奇n.

\\\\'clasp握紧,抱紧vt.紧,紧抱n

burst into突然……起来(尤指唱歌、哭,笑等)

proceed继续进行,继续做vi.

reveal揭示,揭露;展现,显露vt.

tear- stained有泪痕的adj.

orphan孤儿n.

investigate查明,调查，侦查vi&vt.

sigh叹息,叹气n.

despair绝望n.

dare胆敢,敢于n.&vi.

bare空的,无装饰的,赤裸的,裸露的adj.

faucet水龙头n.

shiver颤抖,哆嗦,发抖vi

bone骨头;骨质物n.

sob抽噎,爱泣;鸣咽着说vi&vt.

pillow枕头n.

dive扑向,急冲进;跳水,潜水vi.

frown皱眉vi.

resolutely坚决地,坚定地adv.

Writing Workshop

appeal有吸引力vi,呼吁，恳请，上诉vi&vt.

Reading Club 1

emperor皇帝n.

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03:53

英文演讲：致敬女性逆行者In praise of women

In praise of women, on the virus frontlines and beyond

赞扬在病毒前线和其他地方的妇女

On the 46th International Women’s Day, tens of thousands of women are engaged in a battle that is critical to each and everyone of us: preventing the spread and alleviating the impact of COVID-19.

在第46个国际妇女节之际，千万女性正在参与一场对我们每个人都至关重要的战役——对抗新型冠状病毒。

Among them are the vice premier Sun Chunlan, the epidemiologist Li Lanjuan and a woman named Liang Yu, all helping in their own way.

在这些战“疫”中，有许多女性以自己的方式发挥着光和热。其中包括国务院副总理孙春兰、传染病学家李兰娟和一名叫梁钰的女孩。

Sun has been bringing to bear her influence on the frontlines of the pandemic,

孙副总理一直在抗“疫”前线指导工作，

Li, 73 years old, has been getting less than four hours’ sleep a day, devoting most of her time doing research on the novel coronavirus.

73岁的李兰娟院士一天只睡不到四个小时，她将绝大部分时间都投入到研究新型冠状病毒当中。

And Yu has been looking after the physiological needs of women engaged in this battle, the vast majority of them nurses working as volunteers, and many others in supporting industries who exemplify how women hold up much more than half the sky.

而梁钰则一直在关注着女性医护人员的生理期需求。这些女性医护人员大多主动请缨去一线工作，她们和众多在其他在支持战“疫”的女性工作者一样，告诉我们女性是如何撑起半边天的。

Of course, like many women, these three heroines of ours are amazing multitaskers. They are daughters, mothers, friends and colleagues. But now the care and strength that they offer in those roles is extended to all of us in our common fight against the virus.

当然，就像许多的女性一样，这三位女性也有着其他身份。她们也是父母的女儿、是孩子的母亲、是别人的朋友和同事。但现在，在我们共同抗击疫情的斗争中，她们忘却了其他身份，将所有的关爱和能量都投入到救治工作中。

They are indeed heroines, yet the sense of responsibility that they bring to bear in this task transcends gender, because the qualities of courage, strength, dedication, empathy, endurance and love are admirable in both women and men.

她们确实是女英雄，但是她们在这项任务中的责任感已经超越了性别，因为勇气、力量、奉献、同情心、忍耐力和爱心是不分性别的。

Nevertheless, while we are all equal, it is being unequal that makes us the very individuals we are. Those variables, of course, include the different physiological and emotional needs of individuals.

然而，虽然我们都是平等的，但是也正是“不同”使我们成为独特的个体。这些不同包括了人们不同的生理和情感需求。

I can imagine that these three women would modestly minimize any attempts to lionize their deeds, but that shouldn’t mean that at the very least we record our gratitude for what they do.

我可以想象，三位伟大的女性会谦虚地有意“回避”对她们的赞美，然而，她们为战“疫”的每一份付出都值得被深深铭记。

Nobody can doubt that over many decades the cause of gender equality has made great strides – and yet much more remains to be done. For one thing, being sensitive to gender-related self-esteem and basic human dignity not pertaining to gender should now be the norm, and talking openly about the physiological needs of women and girls should no longer be taboo.

没有人可以否认，几十年来，两性平等事业取得了长足进步，但是仍然还有许多事情等待我们完成。其中一项，就是应该让谨慎地对待性别尊严和无关性别的人性尊严变成常态，让公开谈论女性的生理需求也不再是禁忌。

Women routinely put the wellbeing of others above themselves, something that many of us – men in particular – are oblivious to or take for granted. Of course, men too, are worthy of thanks and even praise in instances of selflessness, but it is women who more often than not are the overlooked sex.

当部分女性把别人的幸福置于自己的幸福之上时，很多人——尤其是男性，常常把这些当做是理所应当的。当然，男性的无私也值得感谢和赞美，但是女性一直是被忽略的群体。

So on this International Women’s Day, as the silent fight against COVID-19 continues, let us give full voice to our gratitude and appreciation for women wherever they are and enthusiastically wish that the day when genuine equality reigns is not far away.

所以在今天，三八妇女节的日子，与新冠病毒的斗争仍在继续。就让我们充分表达我们对于女性的感激和欣赏吧，无论她们身处何方。让我们衷心祝愿两性真正平等的日子不再遥远。

致敬最美的你！我们不应只在节日颂扬你的美

但我们想记住你的美

我们也想让最美的你得到保护

不再受风雨的侵袭

这是你，我们的副总理

当你第一时间奔赴前线指挥战“疫”

当你哽咽地说出：“不落一户、不漏一人”时

这是最美的你

这是你，我们的李院士

当你拖着疲惫的身躯依旧发光发热

当你摘下口罩露出那满是勒痕的脸庞时