外刊精读 | 猴痘疫情最新情况|outbreak|with|主句|从句|猴痘|长难句

今天是小芳老师陪你精读外刊的第112天

难度指数7级（共8级）

第一步：泛读原文（盲听1遍，泛读1遍，对照文本听1遍）

Vismita Gupta-Smith:WHO has declared that the Public Health Emergency of International Concern for mpox, the disease previously known as monkeypox, remains in effect. We are going to get a status update, learn about who is at risk and what we have learned so far from the response from Dr. Rosamund Lewis.

Welcome, Rosamund. Let’s start with a status update on mpox, please.

Dr. Rosamund Lewis:Indeed, in this outbreak, we’ve seen now almost 90,000 cases of mpox occurring in over 110 countries around the world with 97 deaths. This is an unprecedented outbreak, as we know. Countries around the world that are reporting mpox had not previously experienced this at all.

Now, at this time, where many countries have effectively curbed their outbreak and cases have really come down. There are still some parts of the world where there is continuing risk. This includes the Americas, particularly Central America. It includes countries that are still reporting. We still have over 30 countries that have reported in the last month. So, for example, Spain, a few other countries in Europe, mostly Latin America, Central America and of course, Africa.

In this outbreak though, we are still seeing cases linked to travel but travel from different parts of the world. And so that means that an outbreak can occur any time through link to travel.

Vismita Gupta-Smith:Rosamund, who is at risk of mpox?

Dr. Rosamund Lewis:In this global outbreak of mpox, the group primarily affected have been men who have sex with men. This remains the group that is most at risk for new cases of mpox. There have been some women and children affected, but they have been relatively few. So it is very important for people who may be at risk, particularly men who have sex with men, to continue to be mindful of how to reduce their risk by reducing the number of sexual partners, for example, and being aware when they are attending events where sexual activity may occur.

The other group that continue to be at risk, of course, are people who are affected in the African setting. In West Africa, there is a mix. There is sexual transmission between men and women. And in Central Africa, there continue to be outbreaks where people may be affected through contact with the forest and animal to human transmission of the monkeypox virus.

We all need to be aware that in the coming spring and summer season in the northern hemisphere, of course, this is true around the world, there may be activities linked to gatherings and events where risk may be higher, where there may be sex on premises, where there may be sexual contact with multiple partners. These are the situations where there may be greater risk of mpox even as the outbreak is slowing down worldwide.

Vismita Gupta-Smith:Rosamund, what is new and what have we learned so far from the response?

In this outbreak, we’ve learned a lot about mpox the disease and monkeypox virus as well. We’ve learned that this strain of virus that is driving the outbreak is not new, but it has adapted to person-to-person transmission. This particular strain of the virus has not been found in animals. And so it’s really critically important that we continue public health measures to protect people and prevent further transmission of this disease.

We have learned, for example, that people who have advanced or untreated HIV infection are much higher risk for severe illness or death. It is important for you to know your HIV status in order to be able to get appropriate treatment, testing and care.

While the outbreak appeared to begin primarily in Caucasian men in Europe and North America and has spread around the world, we are now also learning that it is reaching more marginalized and ethnic and racial groups such as black and Latino men who have a much higher rate of acquiring mpox in their communities and a much lower access to prevention measures and face greater stigma and discrimination.

So now public health efforts are also going to continue engagement with communities most affected and to reach those who are harder to reach in order to protect them and prevent stigma so that they may also have access to the services that are necessary.

As the outbreak is coming under control globally, we can now turn our efforts towards eliminating mpox in countries where that is feasible and supporting countries where mpox control and prevention are essential to prevent such further outbreaks in the future.

One of the things that we have seen in this outbreak response that has been most successful has been the engagement with and by the most affected communities themselves. Men who have sex with men have taken charge of their own health in order to seek access to services and reduce their own risk. In this outbreak response, we will continue to work with the most affected and marginalized communities to stop this outbreak.

Vismita Gupta-Smith:Thank you, Rosamund. That was Science in 5 today. Until next time then, stay safe, stay healthy, and stick with science.

第二步：精读原文（精读1遍，对照文本听1遍，精读1遍）

读原文（精读1遍，对照文本听1遍）

单词

Public Health Emergency of International Concern: 国际关注的公共卫生紧急事件
Monkeypox: 猴痘
Outbreak: 疫情爆发
Travel-related transmission: 旅行相关传播
Men who have sex with men: 男男性行为者
Sexual transmission: 性传播
African setting: 非洲地区
Animal to human transmission: 动物到人的传播
Northern hemisphere: 北半球
Person-to-person transmission: 人际传播
Public health measures: 公共卫生措施
HIV infection: HIV感染
Testing and care: 检测和护理
Marginalized communities: 弱势社群
Ethnic and racial groups: 民族和种族群体
Stigma and discrimination: 社会歧视和歧视
Outbreak response: 疫情应对
Eliminating mpox: 消灭猴痘
Most affected communities: 受影响最大的社群
Stick with science: 坚持科学

长句

长难句1：WHO has declared that the Public Health Emergency of International Concern for mpox, the disease previously known as monkeypox, remains in effect.

这个句子由两个短语组成，其中WHO has declared为主语和谓语，that引导了一个宾语从句，其中包含了两个名词短语，分别是the Public Health Emergency of International Concern和mpox。后面的这个名词短语解释了前面的名词短语所指的具体内容，即疾病之前被称为猴痘的mpox仍然是国际关注的公共卫生紧急事件。

长难句2：While the outbreak appeared to begin primarily in Caucasian men in Europe and North America and has spread around the world, we are now also learning that it is reaching more marginalized and ethnic and racial groups such as black and Latino men who have a much higher rate of acquiring mpox in their communities and a much lower access to prevention measures and face greater stigma and discrimination.

这个句子由一个主句和两个并列的从句组成。主句是We are now also learning that it is reaching more marginalized and ethnic and racial groups，表示现在我们正在了解疫情正在影响更多被边缘化的民族和种族群体。第一个从句是While the outbreak appeared to begin primarily in Caucasian men in Europe and North America and has spread around the world，描述了疫情的起源以及扩散的情况，表明最初主要在欧洲和北美的白人男性中出现，后来扩散到全球。第二个从句如下：such as black and Latino men who have a much higher rate of acquiring mpox in their communities and a much lower access to prevention measures and face greater stigma and discrimination，解释了哪些群体更受影响，并描述了这些群体面临的挑战。

回答问题

Reading Questions：

What is mpox?
A) A new disease caused by a virus found in animals
B) A disease caused by a virus that has adapted to person-to-person transmission
C) A bacterial infection that primarily affects men who have sex with men
D) A disease caused by a new strain of the flu virus
Which group is most at risk of mpox?
A) Women and children
B) People living in Africa
C) Men who have sex with men
D) People who have advanced or untreated HIV infection
Which part of the world is still experiencing risk from mpox?
A) North America B) Europe C) Africa D) Asia
What have we learned about mpox and monkeypox virus in this outbreak?
A) The strain of virus driving the outbreak is new
B) The virus has been found in animals
C) The virus primarily affects Caucasian men
D) The virus has adapted to person-to-person transmission