瑞典斯德哥尔摩当地时间2023年10月5日13:00(北京时间19:00),瑞典学院将2023年度诺贝尔文学奖颁给了挪威剧作家约恩·福瑟(Jon Fosse),以表彰他“创新的戏剧和散文,为不可言说的事情发声”。
诺贝尔文学委员会主席安德斯·奥尔森表示,福瑟的作品植根于“他挪威背景的语言和本性”。
64岁的福瑟告诉挪威广播公司(NRK):“他们打电话给我时,我在惊讶的同时也并未很惊讶。在过去的10年里,我已经为这种可能发生的情况做好了谨慎的准备。我很高兴接到电话。”
约翰·福瑟是挪威小说家、剧作家,1959年9月25日生于挪威海于格松,现居卑尔根。处女作是1983年的长篇小说《红,黑》(Raudt, svart)。1994年出版了首部戏剧《不离不弃》。他创作了包括长篇、短篇小说、儿童文学、散文和戏剧在内的大量作品,作品被翻译为超过40种语言。2007年弗斯获法国国家功勋奖章。2010年又获国际易卜生奖。2015年凭借中篇小说三部曲《警醒》、《奥拉夫之梦》和《困乏》获北欧理事会文学奖。《有人将至》等剧作目前已被译为汉语。
The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2023is awarded tothe Norwegian author Jon Fosse, “for his innovative plays and prose whichgive voice totheunsayable.”
2023年诺贝尔文学奖授予挪威作家约翰·福瑟,“以表彰他用创新的戏剧和散文,表达了无法言说的心声。”
His immense oeuvre written in Norwegian Nynorsk and spanning a variety of genres consists of a wealth of plays, novels, poetry collections, essays, children’s books and translations. While he is today one of the most widely performed playwrights in the world, he has also become increasingly recognised for his prose.
他用尼诺斯克语创作了大量文学作品,涵盖了各种体裁,包括戏剧、小说、诗集、散文、儿童读物和翻译。
While he is today one of the most widely performed playwrights in the world, he has also become increasingly recognised for his prose.
他不仅是当今世界上作品被表演最多的剧作家之一,还是越来越受到大家认可的散文家。
NPR:
Norwegian playwright Jon Fosse wins the 2023 Nobel Prize in literature
Jon Fosse has won the 2023 Nobel Prize in literature, "for his innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable."
The 64-year-old playwright is not well-known outside his home country of Norway, where he was born on the western coast in the city of Haugesund. But the author is internationally celebrated in literary circles and has been called "the most produced living playwright." He has won prestigious European awards and has long been fully subsidized by the Norway government, with a lifetime stipend and a residence near the Royal Palace in Oslo. In 2007 he was made a Knight in France's National Order of Merit.
In its citation, the Nobel committee wrote, "His immense oeuvre, written in Norwegian Nynorsk and spanning a variety of genres consists of a wealth of plays, novels, poetry collections, essays, children's books and translations. While he is today one of the most widely performed playwrights in the world, he has also become increasingly recognised for his prose."
The author has often been called "the new Henrik Ibsen," and Samuel Beckett was evoked by the chairman of the Nobel committee as he discussed Fosse's "artistry in the wake of modernism" during his announcement. But Damion Searls made a different comparison in a 2015 essay in The Paris Review.
"Think of the four elder statesmen of Norwegian letters as a bit like the Beatles," he wrote. "Per Petterson is the solid, always dependable Ringo; Dag Solstad is John, the experimentalist, the ideas man; Karl Ove Knausgaard is Paul, the cute one; and Fosse is George, the quiet one, mystical, spiritual, probably the best craftsman of them all."
The playwright began as a novelist, and did not break through as a theater writer until he was in his 40s. His international reputation as a playwright was sealed in 1998, with a Paris production of his first play Nokon kjem til å komme (in English, Someone Is Going to Come) which had been written in 1992. Since then, his work has performed in more than 60 countries around the world, according to his translator, Ann Henning Jocelyn.
The Nobel Committee has been criticized for its focus on European and Anglo writers. In the past 20 years, only five writers of color have been awarded the literature prize. Last year's award went to French writer Annie Ernaux, now 83.
我是风
约翰·福瑟
我被带走了
我被风带走了
此刻你被带走了
此刻我被带走了
我被风带走了
我是风
JON FOSSE
12岁开始写作,
从“摇滚乐手”到“安静的美男子”。
约恩·福瑟,挪威当代国宝级作家。1959年出生于挪威豪格松,12岁开始写作生涯,他写下的第一个文本是一首歌词。年少时他喜欢吵闹的音乐,曾在一个摇滚乐队里弹吉他。但随着年龄的增长,他几乎不再听音乐,更喜欢的是保持安静。
出版的第一部小说,反响不佳,
花四五天写的剧本,一炮而红。
1983年他出版了第一部小说,反响不佳,但这对他丝毫没有影响。从卑尔根大学毕业后,他成了作家,写诗歌、写小说。90年代初他开始为剧院写剧本,创作主要集中在夏天。他喜欢手写的形式,爱收藏钢笔和墨水。
1994年,福瑟的剧本在卑尔根的国家剧院首演,这是他戏剧生涯的开始。1999年,他的《有人将至》首演于巴黎,从此使他跻身当代戏剧界顶尖作家行列。《有人将至》是如今他最有名的剧本,他花了四五天就完成了。
无论失败与成功,都没有影响他的写作。
内心稳定,大概就是他这样。
全世界作品被搬演最多的剧作家之一,
拥有自己独特美学和戏剧风格。
他的作品迄今已被译成近五十种文字,在全球上演逾千次,囊括了几乎所有最顶尖的国际艺术大奖,也是近年诺贝尔文学奖的热门候选人之一。他的作品中蕴含巨大情感张力的极简主义语言,对白中强烈的节奏感与音乐感,并置的时空,交缠的现实与梦幻,彰显他独特的美学与戏剧风格。
福瑟剧本集封面
人们称他为“新易卜生”,
他的作品常被拿来与贝克特的相提并论。
2010年,他摘得了全球最重要的戏剧奖项——易卜生奖,授奖词中写道:“福瑟迫使剧场和它的观众们以全新的方式思考。他是未知的诗人。”人们在介绍他时,也往往会冠之以“新易卜生”的名号。在他的作品中,可以看出对易卜生戏剧的传承,他的创作题材沿袭了易卜生对社会问题、对两性关系的关注。但在福瑟的作品中,可以看到更多对于亲密关系的探索。
福瑟的作品也常常被拿来与贝克特的作品作比较,他曾在一次采访中这样说道:“我的第一个剧本是《有人将至》。那段时间里,我对贝克特非常着迷。甚至是《有人将至》这个名字也可以被看做是《等待戈多》的一种对立变体。从某种角度而言,我害怕贝克特对我造成的影响,因此我试着不要复制他的写作方式,而是去反抗他,就像一个儿子反抗他的父亲一样。所以我为我的首个剧本选择了完全相反的名字。”
有人说他的作品“过于平淡”,
但总有人是懂他的。
他并非故意选择“风格化”,
只是以自己的一种方式在写作。
福瑟的戏剧作品以简练的语言著称。他的剧中人物往往没有具体的名字,常被冠以“男人”“女人”“他”“她”“朋友”等称呼,这种独特的命名方式暗示剧中人物的经历具有普遍性。他在写作中试图减少对词语的使用,沉默、破裂和停顿,静默在他的剧本里占据重要的地位。他通过最普通的生活日常的瞬间,对人物的情感历程进行挖掘,探讨亲密关系中孤独与背叛,人与人之间的疏离,对于生命的思考……他创作于1999年的《一个夏日》便是这样一个剧本,2000年该剧获得北欧剧协最佳戏剧奖。故事从一位年老女人的回忆开始,她日复一日地眺望着大海,与记忆搏斗。时间被分成了“过去”与“现在”。在重复、停顿、空白和沉默中,赋予日常生活中熟悉的语句全新的含义。
话剧《一个夏日》2019年演出剧照
声明:综合整理自网络
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