书院文化 · 设计以“轻”的态度谨慎介入历史建筑 | LIGHT RETROFIT INTERVENTION|书院文化|人文|古城|崇正书院|建筑风格|景观设计|现代

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书院，作为中国古代重要的教育机构和文化载体，承载着深厚的历史文化底蕴。近年来，随着传统文化复兴热潮的兴起，书院文化也迎来了新的发展机遇，呈现出以下趋势：功能多元化：传统书院以讲学、藏书为主，而现代书院则拓展了功能，集阅读、展览、讲座、文创、休闲于一体，成为综合性文化空间。空间开放化：传统书院相对封闭，而现代书院则更加开放，注重与周边环境的融合，打造开放共享的文化交流平台。形式多样化：现代书院不再局限于传统建筑形式，而是结合现代设计理念，呈现出多样化的发展趋势，如乡村书院、社区书院、企业书院等。科技赋能：现代书院积极运用互联网、大数据等科技手段，打造线上线下融合发展的智慧书院，提升服务效率和用户体验。

Academies, as important educational institutions and cultural carriers in ancient China, carry profound historical and cultural deposits. In recent years, with the rise of the revival of traditional culture, academy culture has also ushered in new opportunities for development, showing the following trends: functional diversification: Traditional academies mainly lecture and collect books, while modern academies expand their functions, integrating reading, exhibitions, lectures, cultural creation and leisure, and becoming comprehensive cultural Spaces. Open space: Traditional academies are relatively closed, while modern academies are more open, focusing on the integration with the surrounding environment to create an open and shared cultural exchange platform. Diversified forms: Modern academies are no longer limited to traditional architectural forms, but combined with modern design concepts, showing a diversified development trend, such as rural academies, community academies, and enterprise academies. Technology empowerment: Modern Academy actively uses the Internet, big data and other scientific and technological means to create a smart academy that integrates online and offline development to improve service efficiency and user experience.

书院文化空间规划应遵循“传承文化、服务当代、面向未来”的理念：

一、规划设计：选址布局：书院选址应注重文化氛围和自然环境，可选择历史文化街区、风景名胜区、乡村田园等地点。布局上应注重功能分区，合理规划阅读区、展览区、讲座区、休闲区等空间。交通流线：书院内部交通流线应清晰流畅，方便读者到达各个功能区域。同时，应注重与外部交通的衔接，方便读者到达。景观设计：书院景观设计应注重与建筑风格的协调，营造宁静优雅的文化氛围。可结合当地自然景观和文化特色，打造独具特色的书院景观。

二、空间设计：空间尺度：书院空间尺度应适宜，既要避免过于空旷，也要避免过于拥挤。应根据不同功能区域的需求，合理控制空间尺度。空间层次：书院空间应注重层次感，通过隔断、屏风、绿化等手段，营造出丰富的空间层次，增强空间趣味性。空间氛围：书院空间氛围应宁静优雅，营造出浓厚的文化氛围。可通过灯光、色彩、材质等手段，营造出舒适温馨的阅读环境。

三、景观设计：庭院景观：书院庭院景观应注重自然与人文的结合，可种植花草树木，设置假山流水，营造出宁静优雅的庭院景观。屋顶花园：书院屋顶花园可充分利用空间，种植花草树木，打造绿色生态的屋顶花园，为读者提供休闲放松的空间。景观小品：书院景观小品应注重文化内涵，可设置雕塑、石刻、碑文等，增强书院的文化氛围。

四、材料应用：传统材料：书院建筑可选用木材、砖石等传统材料，体现传统书院的建筑风格和文化底蕴。现代材料：书院建筑也可选用玻璃、钢材等现代材料，体现现代书院的时代气息和创新精神。环保材料：书院建筑应注重环保，选用环保材料，打造绿色生态的书院空间。

五、氛围营造：灯光设计：书院灯光设计应注重营造宁静优雅的氛围，可采用柔和的灯光，避免使用过于明亮的灯光。色彩搭配：书院色彩搭配应注重和谐统一，可采用素雅的色彩，如白色、灰色、木色等，营造出宁静舒适的氛围。音乐选择：书院可选择播放轻柔舒缓的音乐，营造出宁静优雅的氛围，帮助读者放松身心，沉浸阅读。

Academy cultural space planning should follow the concept of "inheriting culture, serving the present and facing the future" :

I. Planning and design: Location layout: The location of the academy should pay attention to the cultural atmosphere and natural environment, and can choose historical and cultural blocks, scenic spots, rural fields and other locations. The layout should pay attention to functional zoning, reasonable planning of reading area, exhibition area, lecture area, leisure area and other Spaces. Traffic flow line: The traffic flow line within the academy should be clear and smooth, convenient for readers to reach each functional area. At the same time, attention should be paid to the connection with external traffic to facilitate readers to reach. Landscape design: The academy landscape design should pay attention to the coordination with the architectural style to create a quiet and elegant cultural atmosphere. It can combine the local natural landscape and cultural characteristics to create a unique academy landscape.

2. Spatial design: Spatial scale: The spatial scale of the academy should be appropriate, avoiding both too empty and too crowded. The spatial scale should be controlled reasonably according to the needs of different functional areas. Space level: The academy space should pay attention to the sense of hierarchy, through partition, screen, greening and other means to create a rich space level, enhance the space interest. Space atmosphere: The academy space atmosphere should be quiet and elegant, creating a strong cultural atmosphere. Through lighting, color, material and other means, to create a comfortable and warm reading environment.

Iii. Landscape design: Courtyard landscape: The courtyard landscape of the academy should pay attention to the combination of nature and humanity. Flowers and trees can be planted, and rockery water can be set up to create a quiet and elegant courtyard landscape. Roof garden: The roof garden of the Academy can make full use of space, plant flowers and trees, create a green ecological roof garden, and provide readers with a relaxing space. Landscape sketches: Academy landscape sketches should pay attention to cultural connotations, and sculptures, stone carvings, inscriptions, etc., can be set up to enhance the cultural atmosphere of the academy.

4. Application of materials: Traditional materials: Wood, brick and other traditional materials can be used for academy construction to reflect the architectural style and cultural heritage of traditional academies. Modern materials: Glass, steel and other modern materials can also be used for academy architecture, reflecting the atmosphere of The Times and the spirit of innovation of modern academies. Environmental protection materials: The academy building should pay attention to environmental protection, choose environmental protection materials, and create a green and ecological academy space.

Lighting design: College lighting design should focus on creating a quiet and elegant atmosphere, soft lighting can be used to avoid the use of too bright lights. Color matching: Academy color matching should pay attention to harmony and unity, can use simple and elegant colors, such as white, gray, wood, etc., to create a quiet and comfortable atmosphere. Music selection: The Academy can choose to play soft and soothing music to create a quiet and elegant atmosphere to help readers relax and immerse themselves in reading.

一、大理 · 崇正书院

RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

先锋巍山崇正书院位于云南大理巍山古城的西侧。巍山作为南诏文化的发源地，其古城拥有超过600年的历史，至今仍完整地保留了明清时期的城市布局；而崇正书院则始建于明朝弘治年间，距今已有500多年的历史，经历了多次兴衰变迁。2021年，应当地政府及先锋书店之邀将其转变为集书店、展览、小剧场和咖啡于一体的综合功能空间——先锋书店，旨在重新激发该场所曾经的活力与人文精神，助力于巍山的城市复兴。此外，设计任务还涵盖了书院周边区域的城市设计规划，通过引入先锋书店及其他新型业态，致力于打造一个充满活力的生活方式目的地，从而推动整个区域的城市更新进程。

Vanguard Weishan Chongzheng Academy is located on the west side of Weishan Ancient City, Dali, Yunnan. As the birthplace of Nanzhao culture, Weishan city has a history of more than 600 years, and still retains the complete urban layout of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Chongzheng Academy was founded during the reign of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty, which has a history of more than 500 years and has experienced many ups and downs. In 2021, at the invitation of the local government and Bookstore Avant-Garde, TAO undertook the design of the conservation, restoration and revitalization of Chongzheng Academy, transforming it into a comprehensive functional space integrating bookstore, exhibition, small theater and coffee - Bookstore Avant-Garde, with the aim of reinvigorating the vitality and humanistic spirit of the site and contributing to the urban rejuvenation of Weishan. In addition, the design task covers the urban planning of the surrounding area of the Academy, aiming to create a vibrant lifestyle destination through the introduction of the Avant-Garde Bookstore and other new formats, thereby promoting the urban renewal process of the entire area.

从区位上看，该片区位于古城与新城之间，交通十分便利，周边的服务配套设施也在逐渐完善，是引入新鲜元素、激活城市的绝佳位置。片区更新的目标是以先锋书店作为核心引擎，引入新的业态，形成新旧生活方式的集群，打造包括文创、咖啡、酒吧、公共艺术、开放集市等多元化的空间，并通过城市活力动线将片区周边连接起来进行织补。在这个连接乡愁与未来的关键时空节点上，先锋书店和新业态的引入必须与过去鲜活的记忆相互依存。因此，在进行城市设计时，上述三个场地重要存量的保护和有机更新至关重要。在设计中，崇正书院以及铁工厂的历史原貌得到了完好保留，为古树重新设计了树池，并且依托大树和书院设置了下沉式户外庭院，以此激活人和巨树之间的互动关系。以巨树作为视觉中心，略微旋转角度的城市广场成为了城市空间的核心，其目的在于连接东西两侧的城市街道，激发户外城市生活的多种可能性。

From the perspective of location, this area is located between the ancient city and the new city, the transportation is very convenient, and the surrounding service facilities are gradually improving, which is the perfect location to introduce fresh elements and activate the city. The goal of the renewal of the area is to use the Avant-garde bookstore as the core engine, introduce new business forms, form a cluster of old and new lifestyles, create a diversified space including cultural innovation, coffee, bars, public art, open markets, etc., and connect the surrounding area through the urban dynamic line for mending. At this critical point in time and space connecting nostalgia and the future, the introduction of Avant-Garde and new formats must be interdependent with the living memory of the past. Therefore, the preservation and organic renewal of the important stock of the above three sites is of Paramount importance when urban design is carried out. In the design, the original historical appearance of Chongzheng Academy and the Iron Factory was preserved, the tree pool was redesigned for the old trees, and a sunken outdoor courtyard was set up based on the big trees and the academy to activate the interaction between people and the giant trees. With the giant tree as the visual center, the slightly rotating city square becomes the core of the urban space, which aims to connect the city streets on the east and west sides and stimulate the many possibilities of outdoor urban life.

二、空间美学

RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

以广场为核心，设计并打造了一个“架构下的城市群落”。连续折叠的坡屋顶基于老厂房屋顶的基础尺度进行生长。一方面，它延续了从巍山古城蔓延而来的城市肌理和建筑意象；另一方面，其形象又与古城建筑存在差异。广场及檐下空间计划引入市集、歌舞表演等原住民文化元素以及咖啡、餐饮外摆等街道生活要素。而内部空间则需满足新业态对空间品质和尺度的多样化需求，期望借此形成新老建筑、外来游客与原住民文化、多元业态复合空间的共生共融局面。

With the square as the core, we designed and built an "urban community under the framework". The continuously folded slope roof is grown on the basis of the foundation scale of the old factory roof. On the one hand, it continues the urban texture and architectural image spread from Weishan Ancient City; On the other hand, its image is different from the ancient city architecture. The plaza and the space under the eaves are planned to introduce indigenous cultural elements such as markets and song and dance performances, as well as street life elements such as coffee and dining stalls. The interior space needs to meet the diversified demands of the new business for spatial quality and scale, and is expected to form a symbiosis and integration situation of new and old buildings, foreign tourists, indigenous culture, and diversified business complex space.

书廊的设计与布局不仅重新定义了书院内部的空间结构，还巧妙地将周围的院落、主殿、厢房以及耳房连接起来，使得在雨天时，客人也能轻松地在西大殿与过厅之间，以及咖啡区和阅读空间之间自由移动。得益于巍山地区优越的温度条件，这里四季如春，因此书院没有设置封闭的气候边界，而是有意模糊了室内外的界限，通过屋顶覆盖区域和露天部分的结合，实现了最大的开放性和连续性。漫步于书院之中，在书廊与古建筑内外穿梭，每走一步景色各异，仿佛置身于园林之中，享受着极为丰富的空间体验及穿越时空的乐趣。

The design and layout of the library not only redefines the spatial structure of the academy, but also cleverly connects the surrounding courtyards, the main hall, the wing rooms and the auraries, so that on rainy days, guests can easily move between the west hall and the lobby, as well as between the coffee area and the reading space. Thanks to the superior temperature conditions in the Weishan region, which is like spring all year round, the Academy does not set a closed climate boundary, but deliberately blurs the boundary between indoor and outdoor, and achieves maximum openness and continuity through the combination of the roof covered area and the open air part. Walking in the academy, shuttling inside and outside the library and ancient buildings, each step of the scenery is different, as if you are in the garden, enjoying a very rich space experience and the pleasure of traveling through time and space.

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