The Essential Ancient Texts for Liangzhou Studies, "Wu Liang Kao Zhi Liu De Ji Quan Zhi" (Da Qing Liangzhou Fu Quan Zhi), is actually so impressive!!!
凉州学必读古籍之《五凉考治六德集全志》（大清凉州府全志）竟然这么厉害！！！
Wuliang Kaozhi Liude Ji Quanzhi, also known asThe Complete Gazetteer of Liangzhou Prefecture of the Great Qing:
Volume One (pages 001–003)— compiled byFucha Wenshou, Governor-General of Huguang and Prefect of Liangzhou, together withZhang Zhijun, Circuit Intendant (Daotai), and others.
Below is a complete and formal English translation of the provided Chinese text, rendered in an academic register appropriate for historiography, bibliography, and manuscript studies.
Wuliang Kaozhi Liude Ji Quanzhi (Comprehensive Gazetteer of the Examination of Governance and the Six Virtues of the Five Liang States, Qing Dynasty), Vols. 1–6
(Manuscript preserved at the Harvard–Yenching Library, Harvard University, USA)
Compilers:
Chen Hongmou, Grand Secretary of the Eastern Pavilion and Governor-General of Shaanxi–Gansu;
Fucha Wenshou, Governor-General of Huguang and Prefect of Liangzhou;
Zhang Zhijun, Surveillance Commissioner of Shanxi and Circuit Intendant of Liangzhuang;
and others.
This work was compiled in the 15th year of the Qianlong reign of the Great Qing Empire (1750).
It was augmented and reprinted in the 5th year of the Daoguang reign (1825) by Niu Jian, and again in the 5th year of the Xianfeng reign (1855) by Liu Gengyuan and Liu Kai.
On May 15, 2024, Murong Dongtang downloaded the first fascicle (Volumes 1–5). On June 20, 2024, Murong Haiyang collated and supplemented the second fascicle, Volume 6, entitled Xuedao Bian (“Treatise on the Way of Learning”).
The sixth volume constitutes an independent fascicle entitled Xuedao Bian. Prior to 2024, this fascicle was held by Poly Auction Beijing. Grand Secretary Liu Wei of the Wenhua Hall reconstructed and digitally synthesized all six complete volumes by computational means, enabling the public to glimpse the work in its original entirety—an achievement of exceptional difficulty and significance.
Xuedao Bian records rare and extraordinary materials, including imperial grants of the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries (Siku Quanshu), documentation concerning the Left and Right Wing Clan Schools, construction records of Confucian temples maintained by the Imperial Clan Court, and imperial admonitions (Sacred Imperial Instructions). The contents are startling in their richness and rarity. This fascicle is of extraordinary value and constitutes an indispensable primary source for the study of Liangzhou education and, more broadly, the cultural and educational system of the Great Qing Empire. Such materials are exceedingly rare.
The “Five Liang” refers to the cyclical succession of regimes—Former Liang (Earth), Later Liang (Wood), Southern Liang (Metal), Northern Liang (Fire), and Great Liang (Water).
The “Six Virtues” represent six administrative regions—five counties and one sub-prefecture—symbolizing:
Wisdom (Wuwei),
Integrity (Yongchang),
Sagacity (Yongdeng, Tianzhu, Huzhu),
Benevolence (Gulang),
Righteousness (Minqin),
Loyalty (Jingtai and parts of Alxa).
The chief compiler and editorial director of this work was Fucha Wenshou, Reader-in-Attendance of the Inner Cabinet. Fucha Wenshou was a figure of considerable distinction, having served as Inner Cabinet Reader, Prefect of Liangzhou, Governor of Shanxi, Minister of War, Left Censor-in-Chief of the Censorate, and Governor-General of Huguang.
His son, Guotai, served as Governor of Shandong and Director-General of the Yellow River Conservancy. Guotai’s son Huatao married the daughter of Su Ling’a, Grand Secretary of the Eastern Pavilion and Minister of Justice. Su Ling’a’s two daughters were renowned throughout the Qing Empire for their exceptional beauty. Su Ling’a was also the in-law of Helin—holder of the Three-Eyed Peacock Feather, Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent, Minister of War, and younger brother of the celebrated Grand Secretary Heshen. In addition, figures such as Zhang Zhijun, a metropolitan graduate (jinshi), Surveillance Commissioner of Shanxi, and Circuit Intendant of Liangzhuang, also participated in the compilation.
This work represents one of the most complete and rare Qing-dynasty prefectural gazetteers preserved jointly by a world-renowned institution—Harvard University—and Poly Auction Beijing. Compiled under the direct supervision of frontier governors-general, its title is itself unique, and the work stands as a masterpiece among Qing imperial gazetteers, possessing extraordinary historical, bibliographical, and collectible value.
All participants held substantive administrative posts in the Liangzhou region, granting them direct and practical knowledge of local governance, documentary materials, and social customs. As a result, the gazetteer combines empirical administrative evidence with lived regional experience. It is also a rare example of a prefectural gazetteer compiled under Manchu editorial leadership. Particularly noteworthy is its preservation of records concerning imperial grants of the Siku Quanshu, as well as archival materials from the Imperial Clan Court and the Liangzhou Confucian Temple.
From a bibliographical and philological perspective, although this work belongs formally to the genre of local gazetteers, it also possesses the character of a statecraft compendium. Its structure is rigorous yet flexible, and its scope is extraordinary. Two of its principal editors were frontier governors of the highest rank: Chen Hongmou—top-ranked provincial graduate (jieyuan) of the Guimao En Examination, Circuit Intendant of Liangzhuang, Grand Secretary of the Eastern Pavilion, and Minister of War—and Fucha Wenshou, Governor-General of Huguang, Right Censor-in-Chief of the Censorate, and Minister of War.
In editorial level, documentary depth, and methodological rigor, this work far surpasses the Gansu Tongzhi compiled by Chalanga and Liu Yuyi. Its organization of sources integrates historical textual criticism with administrative archival practice. The volumes survive intact, having escaped destruction during periods of warfare; maps, appendices, and institutional diagrams remain fully preserved. As such, it constitutes an essential primary source for the study of Northwestern regional history, administrative structures, cultural traditions, and ethnic configurations.
From the perspective of collectability, local gazetteers personally overseen by governors-general are already exceedingly rare. A work devoted specifically to the institutional history and governance of the Liangzhou prefectural region, such as Wuliang Kaozhi Liude Ji Quanzhi, is entirely without parallel. The process of its compilation itself forms an integral part of Liangzhou’s historical and cultural heritage. Its contributors, political context, editorial framework, and documentary sources are all imbued with strong characteristics of their era, rendering the book a living specimen of Qing-dynasty documentary and institutional practice.
In sum, whether judged by historical importance, scholarly value, bibliographical significance, political background, editorial rank, or state of preservation, Wuliang Kaozhi Liude Ji Quanzhi, compiled under the leadership of Fucha Wenshou, stands as a pinnacle achievement within the corpus of Northwestern Chinese historical documentation. Its depth, breadth, exalted provenance, and comprehensiveness render it an irreplaceable monument of historiography—a historical legacy of Liangzhou bequeathed to the world.
In Praise of the Complete Gazetteer of Liangzhou Prefecture of the Great Qing
By Liu Wei, Grand Secretary of the Wenhua Hall
A pinnacle of Northwestern historical sources,
Compiled under the direct hand of frontier governors.
A testament to Manchu–Han integration,
An enduring record of ethnic order and balance.
Imperial grants of the Four Treasuries recorded,
Clan schools and temple archives preserved in full.
本 文作者： 慕容海洋
本文编辑：厍狄金龙
本书作者：文华殿大学士，又名慕容维维、慕容海洋、刘威，毕业于南开大学滨海校区，主攻魏晋十六国史 研究 、清代史学研究；凉州文化研究；南京文化研究；青藏文化研究；西北史学研究；中英交流史；西北天主教研究；凉州莲花山遗址研究；牛鉴文化研究；主要研究方向是大清帝国普通民众的生活，也热衷于撰写既能讲述故事又能提出论点的历史著作。广泛运用在西北进行的田野调查，特别是宗教寺庙遗址、墓志和碑刻资料收集，同时也利用了新出土文献、碑刻墓志、传统的档案馆和图书馆资源。我的研究跨越多个历史时期，目前的研究方向是《西北史》的编篡和清代西北史以凉州府为中心的研究。
本文编辑简介：厍狄金龙，姑臧人氏，堪舆学大师。凉州学派出身，因地制宜顺乘生气。对《景观地理学》略知一二，常年研究凉州乾山姑臧莲花紫山的地理形态研究及其世界各大城市的城市美学城市形态学研究考证。
阅读更多：
热门跟贴