氮和硼共掺杂多孔碳纳米片，用于高性能超级电容器|电容器|碳纳米片|离子|超级|静电

1成果简介

超级电容器因其超快充放电速率、超长循环寿命和高功率密度等优势，在储能领域占据重要地位。然而，如何设计兼具高比表面积、丰富活性位点、快速离子扩散通道和优异导电性的碳基电极材料，仍是实现高性能超级电容器的核心挑战。多孔碳纳米片具有短的离子扩散距离和低的离子扩散阻力，是极具潜力的超级电容器电极材料。

本文，东北林业大学吴小亮教授、北京生命科学学院Faliu Yang等在《Advanced Sustainable Systems》期刊发表名为"Nitrogen and Boron Co-Doped Porous Carbon Nanosheets for High Performance Supercapacitor"的论文。该研究提出了一种简单高效的静电自组装-碳化策略：以聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）和氧化石墨烯（GO）为前驱体，通过正负电荷间的静电自组装构建层状复合前驱体，再以氨硼酸（ammonia borate）为氮/硼双源掺杂剂，经高温碳化成功制备了氮/硼共掺杂多孔碳纳米片（NBPC-800）。

PAM的丰富含氮官能团（—NH₂、—C=O）与GO表面的含氧官能团（—COOH、—OH）通过静电相互作用紧密结合，在碳化过程中原位形成N/B共掺杂的二维多孔碳骨架。氨硼酸同时作为N/B源和造孔剂，在热分解过程中释放气体（NH₃、BH₃等）原位刻蚀产生丰富的微/介孔。优化后的NBPC-800碳纳米片具有独特的二维多孔结构、高比表面积和丰富的氮/硼官能团，在0.5 A g⁻¹下展现出330.3 F g⁻¹的高比电容及优异的电化学稳定性，构建的NBPC-800//NBPC-800对称超级电容器实现了24.9 Wh kg⁻¹的能量密度。

2图文导读

图1、(a) SEM image of NBPC-800. (b) TEM image of NBPC-800. (c) SEM image of NBPC-800, and corresponding elemental mapping images of C (d), O (e), N (f), B (g).

图2、(a) XRD patterns of NBPC-700, NBPC-800, and NBPC-900. (b) Raman spectrum of NBPC-700, NBPC-800, and NBPC-900. (c) XPS survey spectrum of NBPC-800. (d) N 1s spectra of NBPC-800.

图3、(a) N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms of NBPC-700, NBPC-800 and NBPC-900. (b) Pore sizes distribution of NBPC-700, NBPC-800, and NBPC-900.

图4、(a) CV curves of NBPC-800 at different scan rates. (b) GCD curves of NBPC-700, NBPC-800, and NBPC-900 at 1 A g−1. (c) GCD curves of NBPC-800 at various current densities. (d) Specific capacitances of NBPC-700, NBPC-800, and NBPC-900 at different current densities. (e) Nyquist plots of NBPC-700, NBPC-800 and NBPC-900. (f) Electrochemical stability of NBPC-800 for 10000 cycles.

图5、(a) CV curves of NBPC-800//NBPC-800 symmetric supercapacitor at different voltage ranges. (b) CV curves of NBPC-800//NBPC-800 symmetric supercapacitor at different scan ranges. (c) GCD curves of NBPC-800//NBPC-800 symmetric supercapacitor at various current densities. (d) Specific capacitances of NBPC-800//NBPC-800 symmetric supercapacitor at different current densities. (e) Ragone plots of NBPC-800//NBPC-800 symmetric supercapacitor. (f) Electrochemical stability of NBPC-800//NBPC-800 symmetric supercapacitor for 10000 cycles.

3小结

总而言之，该工作提出了一种基于聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）与氧化石墨烯（GO）静电自组装的简便策略，结合氨硼酸N/B双源掺杂，成功制备了氮/硼共掺杂多孔碳纳米片（NBPC-800）。PAM与GO之间的静电相互作用确保了前驱体的均匀复合，氨硼酸的分解实现了N/B原位共掺杂与同步造孔。优化后的NBPC-800兼具二维纳米片形态、分级多孔结构、高比表面积和丰富的N/B活性位点，在三电极体系中实现了330.3 F g⁻¹（0.5 A g⁻¹）的高比电容和优异的电化学稳定性，构建的对称超级电容器展现出24.9 Wh kg⁻¹的能量密度。该工作为通过高分子静电自组装-杂原子共掺杂协同策略设计高性能碳基超级电容器电极材料提供了一种简单、高效、可扩展的新思路。

文献：
https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.70479Digital Object Identifier (DOI)