生态文明建设是关系中华民族永续发展的根本大计。党的十八大把生态文明建设纳入中国特色社会主义事业五位一体总体布局，明确提出大力推进生态文明建设，努力建设美丽中国，实现中华民族永续发展。当前，我国正处于以降碳、减污、扩绿、增长协同推进的高质量发展关键期，构建人与自然和谐共生的现代化，既是国家治理现代化的战略命题，也深刻影响着区域协调发展与民生福祉改善。本期为大家推荐发表于《中国科学院院刊》的6篇双语文章，内容涵盖生态环境财政政策量化研究、“两山”理念演化实践、海岸带生态屏障构建、荒漠化科学治理、西藏生态文明高地打造、茂兰生物圈保护区可持续发展的地方经验，多维度呈现中国生态文明建设的理论探索与实践经验。希望这些成果能帮助大家理解我国生态文明建设的底层逻辑，为相关决策与研究提供科学参考。
PART 01 文章推荐
No.1
中国生态环境财政政策演进逻辑与发展趋势——基于政策文本的量化分析
Evolutionary logic and development trends of China’s ecological and environmental fiscal policies——Quantitative analysis based on policy texts
【摘要】现代财政制度在推动绿色低碳转型中具有独特的激励、协调和补偿功能，已成为健全生态环境治理体系越来越倚重的工具。文章通过回溯改革开放以来中央部门发布的与“生态环境财政”密切相关的1 516份政策文本，发现生态环境财政治理呈现：政策设计体系化发展，政策主体协同化演进，政策组合多元化推进三大发展趋势。但从治理效应上看，全过程、多领域全面发力的治理格局仍未完全形成，部分生态环境领域仍关注不足，存在一定的财政政策治理缺口。针对研究结论，文章提出政策优化建议：深化财税体制改革，提升生态环境财政治理能力；统筹强化重点领域，兼顾补齐政策短板；发挥政策联动效应，贯通多元协同路径；融入时代发展属性，促进政策创新扩散。
【Abstract】The modern fiscal system has a unique role in promoting the development of green transformation, taking into account the different interests of different subjects, linking different governance links, and balancing the distribution of benefits between regions and generations, and has become a tool that is increasingly relied upon to improve the basic system of ecological civilization, sound ecological and environmental governance system, and innovate the mechanism of green and low-carbon development. Through a retrospective study of 1 516 policy texts issued by the central government departments since the reform and opening-up of China, which are closely related to “ecological and environmental finance”, this study explores the logic of the role of fiscal policy in the field of ecological and environmental governance and the effectiveness of the implementation of such policy. The study found that: (1) policy design systematic development. 1979–2022 environmental fiscal policy with the development of environmental protection concepts continue to deepen, the number of eco-fiscal policy has steadily increased, the evolution of the four phases of the development of funds (capital) as a link to the ecological environmental system governance as the focus to promote the development of low-carbon transformation as the core of the development of the policy system is basically formed. (2) Evolution of policy subject synergization. Fiscal policy shows an embedded integration development trend, with all types of public sector coordination and integration of specific governance objectives occurring more frequently. The policy gradually evolved to the direction of multi-subject synergy, and cross-sectoral cooperation is also more and more frequent. (3) Diversification of policy combinations. Social capital, market mechanism, unified governance and other elements are gradually integrated into the ecological environmental governance system, and the policy portfolio has initially shown a multifaceted linkage trend. However, from the perspective of governance effect, the whole process, multi-disciplinary comprehensive power governance pattern is still not formed. Some ecological environment areas are still not caught enough attention and there is a certain fiscal policy governance gap. In view of such research findings, this study puts forward the following policy optimization suggestions. First, it is necessary to deepen the reform of the fiscal and taxation system, and enhance the fiscal governance capacity of the ecological environment. Second, it is necessary to strengthen the key areas in an integrated manner, and take into account the shortcomings of the policy. Third, it is necessary to give full play to the linkage effect of the policy, and connect the multifaceted synergistic paths. Fourth, it is necessary to incorporate the attributes of the era’s development, and promote the proliferation of policy innovations.
No.2
“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念的三阶段转换与实践路径
Three-stage transformation and practical path of “lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets” concept
【摘要】“绿水青山就是金山银山”（以下简称“两山”）理念是中国生态文明建设的核心理论依据之一，打破了传统经济发展与环境保护“两难”的矛盾，推动经济与生态协同共进。文章以“理念—制度—实践”为脉络，剖析其历经破冰期（2005—2012年）的理念觉醒与地方突围、建制期（2013—2017年）的系统构建与全国推广、升华期（2018年至今）的价值转化与全球贡献三阶段演进特点。研究认为：“两山”理念充分体现了生态产品的经济价值与生态价值转换的阶段性演化路径；当前存在生态产品价值核算体系不完善、跨区域协同梗阻、市场化转化渠道狭窄等挑战；为此提出构建“四轮驱动”的实践路径，即建立市场化定价交易体系、完善区域利益协调机制、强化数字技术赋能、健全法治保障体系。
【Abstract】“Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets” concept (hereinafter referred to as the two mountains concept) serves as the important component for China's ecological civilization construction, breaking the dilemma of traditional development and environmental protection, and fostering the synergy between economy and ecology. Based on a framework integrating conceptual evolution, institutional construction, and practical implementation, this study examines the three stages: the awakening of paradigm and local breakthroughs during the ice-breaking period (2005–2012), system construction and national promotion in the establishment period (2013–2017), and value transformation and global contribution in the sublimation period (2018–present). The analysis reveals that the two mountains concept clearly demonstrates the phased evolution path of the transformation between economic and ecological values of ecological products. At present, challenges such as an incomplete ecological product value accounting system, barriers to cross-regional collaboration, and limited channels for market-oriented transformation persist. To advance the implementation, this study proposes a “four-wheel drive” practice path, which includes creating a market-oriented pricing and trading system, enhancing the regional interest of coordination mechanism, leveraging the empowerment of digital technology, and strengthening the legal guarantee system.
No.3
中国海岸带生态屏障：概念、功能与建设理论
Ecological barrier of coastal zone in China: Concept, functions, and construction theory
【摘要】海岸带生态屏障是维护沿海生态安全与经济社会可持续发展的关键防线，具有防风消浪、护岸促淤、调节气候等多重功能。文章系统阐述了海岸带生态屏障的概念与内涵，指出其以陆海连续体为核心，通过维护生态系统完整性、水文连通性与生物多样性协同发挥防护作用。然而，在极端气候变化加剧的背景下，我国海岸带生态屏障建设面临四大挑战：（1）理论体系多借鉴内陆模型，难以刻画陆海交互的复杂性与社会经济驱动力；（2）缺乏陆海统筹的多功能综合区划目标和标准，导致生态功能保护与利用空间布局存在错位现象；（3）修复技术侧重单一生态系统，忽视陆海连续体协同机制；（4）监测评估依赖宏观遥感，难以精准解析关键过程。针对这些问题，文章提出4项关键理论与技术路径：开发陆海耦合动态模型以提升灾害预警能力；构建多目标功能区划技术优化生态安全格局；发展海堤生态化、群落重塑和水文调控为核心的协同修复技术体系；建立多维立体监测体系支撑精准评估。研究强调，海岸带生态屏障建设需融合自然规律与社会需求，通过理论创新与技术集成筑牢沿海生态安全屏障，为应对全球气候变化和海洋强国战略提供科学支撑。
【Abstract】The ecological barrier of coastal zone serves as a critical defense line for safeguarding coastal ecological security and sustainable socio-economic development, with multifaceted functions including wave attenuation, shoreline stabilization, and climate regulation. This study systematically elaborates on the concept and essence of ecological barriers of coastal zone, highlighting their core as land-sea continuums that synergistically leverage ecosystem integrity, hydrological connectivity, and biodiversity to provide systemic deliver protective functions. Nevertheless, China’s coastal ecological barrier construction faces four major challenges, namely, (1) theoretical frameworks, often derived from inland models, inadequately represent the complex land-sea interactions and socio-economic drivers; (2) the absence of integrated land-sea zoning standards results in mismatches between ecological functions and spatial layout; (3) restoration technologies are often confined to single ecosystems, neglecting synergistic mechanisms within landsea continuums; and (4) an over-reliance on macro-scale remote sensing limits the precise analysis of key processes. To address these issues, this study proposes four key theoretical and technological pathways: developing coupled land-sea dynamic models to enhance disaster early-warning capabilities; establishing multi-objective functional zoning techniques to optimize ecological security patterns; advancing synergistic restoration framework centered on the eco-engineered seawalls, biotic community rehabilitation, and hydrological regulation; and constructing a multidimensional monitoring system to support precise assessments. The study emphasizes that coastal ecological barrier construction must harmonize natural principles with societal demands, integrating theoretical innovation and technological solutions to strengthen coastal ecological security, thereby providing scientific support for addressing climate change, achieving “dual carbon” targets and advancing the maritime power strategies.
No.4
“治可治之沙、需治之沙”，科学推进荒漠化防治
Combatting desertification scientifically: Where feasible, where necessary
【摘要】中国荒漠化治理成效显著，实现了土地退化“零增长”。以科学推进干旱地区人与自然关系为主旨，持续探索科学治沙新理念、新方法、新途径，有助于推动中国干旱地区基本实现人与自然和谐共生的现代化。文章基于荒漠化、生态修复基线、自然对人类贡献的定义，阐释了“治可治之沙、需治之沙”的科学内涵；讨论了从“人进沙退”到“人沙共生”，从土地增绿到绿色发展的新时期中国荒漠化防治实践需求。以“借自然之力”为主线，以“惠民生福祉”为目标，提出加强保护原生荒漠、提升沙化草场经营效率、强化防护林“四库”功能、适应旱区气候变化等建议，从而科学促进干旱地区人与自然和谐共生。
【Abstract】China has made remarkable achievements in combating desertification, achieving “zero net growth” in land degradation. With the goal of scientifically improving the relationship between humans and nature in drylands, the continuous exploration of new concepts, methods, and pathways for scientific desertification control will contribute to advancing the harmony between humans and nature in China’s drylands. Based on the definitions of desertification, ecological restoration baselines, and the contributions of nature to humans, we clarified the scientific implications of “combatting desertification where it is feasible and necessary”. We discussed the shift in China’s desertification prevention and control direction from “humans advancing while deserts retreat” to “harmonious coexistence between humans and deserts”, and from “expanding green spaces” to “green development” in the new era. Guided by the principle of “harnessing the power of nature” and aiming to “benefit people’s livelihoods and well-being”, we proposed four recommendations: strengthening the protection of pristine deserts, improving desertified rangeland management efficiency, enhancing the “four functions” of protection forests (as reservoirs, green banks, carbon sinks, and ecological barriers), and adapting to climate change in drylands. These measures are designed to scientifically promote the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature in drylands.
No.5
西藏生态文明高地建设科学路径
Scientific approach to building a highland of ecological civilization in Xizang of China
【摘要】西藏是维持国家生态安全的重要屏障，是保障中华民族永续发展和示范引领国家生态文明建设的独特高地。中央第七次西藏工作座谈会提出建设青藏高原生态文明高地的明确目标和具体要求，赋予新时代西藏生态环境保护与可持续发展的新使命和新任务。文章在前期国家生态安全屏障研究成果基础上，进一步深入开展西藏生态文明高地系统研究：在科学层面，从空间维度、时间尺度、赋存状态和发展态势予以界定，在政策层面，从先天优势、目标引领和广域效应进行解析，提出了西藏生态文明高地的基本内涵。结合西藏实际，构建了以生态安全屏障地、人与自然和谐共生示范地、绿色发展试验地、自然保护样板地和生态富民先行地相统筹的生态文明高地建设基本架构，提出了科技支撑生态文明高地建设的对策建议，为青藏高原建设国家生态文明高地提供理论支撑和区域实践案例。
【Abstract】Xizang, which plays an important barrier role in maintaining national ecological security, is a unique region that ensures China’s sustainable development and leads the construction of national ecological civilization. The Seventh Central Conference on the Work of Xizang has set clear goals and specific requirements for building an ecological civilization highland on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, which were identified as a new mission and task of Xizang government for environmental protection and sustainable development in the new era. Based on the previous research achievements about national ecological security barrier, this work further carried out the systematic study of ecological civilization highland in Xizang, and proposed the basic connotation of ecological civilization highland from the scientific and policy perspectives. Taking into account the realities of the Xizang, a basic framework has been established for the construction of an ecological civilization highland that integrates ecological security barrier, harmonious coexistence between human and nature, green development, nature protection, and ecological prosperity. Finally, some suggestions are put forward on the construction of ecological civilization highland supported by science and technology. The study will provide theoretical support and regional practical cases for building the national ecological civilization highland on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.
No.6
生生之美：茂兰生物圈保护区可持续发展的地方经验与中国智慧
Aesthetics of life’s continuity: Local experiences and Chinese wisdom in sustainable development of Maolan World Biosphere Reserve
【摘要】联合国教育、科学及文化组织“人与生物圈计划”强调，生物圈保护区是“可持续发展的学习场所”，生态保护不应孤立于人的生活世界之外，而应与社区发展、文化延续和教育提升并行不悖。在这一理念指引下，贵州茂兰生物圈保护区坚持以地方多民族传统生态文化为基础，将生态伦理、美感经验转化为生态共识与管理机制创新，进而形成一条融合自然保护、文化认同与生计改善的生态文明实践路径。
【Abstract】UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) emphasizes that biosphere reserves should serve as “learning sites for sustainable development”. Ecological conservation should not be separated from human life, but instead be integrated with community development, cultural continuity, and educational advancement. Guided by this principle, the Maolan Biosphere Reserve in Guizhou has grounded its efforts in the traditional ecological culture of its multi-ethnic local communities. It transforms ecological ethics and aesthetic experiences into shared ecological values and innovative governance mechanisms, thereby forging a path of ecological civilization that integrates nature conservation, cultural identity, and livelihood improvement.
PART 02 期刊推荐
《中国科学院院刊》是中国科学院主管、主办的以战略与决策研究为主的智库类学术期刊，其定位为“国家科学思想库核心媒体”，是中国科学院国家高端智库建设的重点媒体平台。
期刊宗旨：该刊重点刊登两院院士和科学家就我国科技及经济社会发展的重大战略问题提出的研究报告，对重要前沿及交叉学科的发展现状与趋势进行评述。以科学家深厚的科学积累及高度的社会责任感，为国家宏观战略决策提供科学支撑，并更广泛、更有效地向社会和公众传播科学思想和科学精神。
栏目及报道范围：针对“国家科学思想库核心媒体”定位，本刊各栏目文章力求“战略高度、国家层面、国际视野、历史担当”。常设栏目有：重大专题、战略与决策研究、政策与管理研究、学部咨询与院士建议、科学观察、学科发展、科技与社会、智库观点、智库研究等。
PART 03 关于我们
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