“多喝热水”也有风险？这种水已被列为2A类致癌物|癌变|致癌性|致癌物|黏膜

喝水没问题，但喝烫水是真有风险，这并非危言耸听：

超过65℃的水甚至被世界卫生组织（WHO）下属的国际癌症研究机构（IARC）列为2A类致癌物质。真不能多喝哦！

Drinking very hot beverages may feel harmless, but scientific research has linked excessive heat exposure to potential health risks.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), a specialized agency of the World Health Organization, has classified drinking very hot beverages above 65 C as "probably carcinogenic to humans".

65℃是多热的水？

曾有热心的消费者进行过测量：刚出锅的面条大约70~80℃，刚沏好的茶水大约80~90℃，而火锅汤高达120℃。

健康人的口腔和食道内的温度通常为36.5~37℃，最适宜的食物温度为10~40℃，一般能耐受的食物最高温度为50~60℃，当我们的舌头感觉很热时，通常食物的温度达到了70℃左右。

Just how hot is 65 C? Consumer tests have found that freshly cooked noodles can reach around 70–80 C, freshly brewed tea around 80–90 C, and hotpot soup even higher.

Under normal conditions, the temperature inside the mouth and esophagus is around 36.5–37 C. A comfortable temperature range for many foods and drinks is generally between 10 C and 40 C, while temperatures above 50–60 C may begin to cause discomfort or burns. By the time a drink feels uncomfortably hot, it may already be hot enough to irritate oral tissues.

图源：腾讯医典

为什么喝烫水会致癌？

“经常喝65℃以上的水会致癌”这一说法来自发表于《柳叶刀·肿瘤学》期刊的一篇关于咖啡、咖啡伴侣和热饮致癌性的评估报道。

该研究指出对于饮用很热的热饮产生致癌性的机制和相关证据还不充分，但是饮用很热的热饮和细胞损伤及可能致癌的联系还是存在的。

The concern over cancer risks associated with very hot beverages above 65 C is based on a review published in The Lancet Oncology.

The study examined the possible carcinogenic effects of coffee, tea, and other very hot beverages. While evidence of a direct cancer-causing mechanism remains limited, the report noted that repeated thermal injury from very hot drinks may cause tissue damage and inflammation, which could potentially contribute to cancer development.

比如，温度过高可能会对消化道黏膜造成一定程度的热损伤（如灼伤），损伤的消化道黏膜表层会脱落、更新，如果反复的热损伤会使细胞增生的速率加快，从而增大发生变异的可能性，进而可能造成细胞的癌变。

基于这些原因，国际癌症研究机构将超过65℃的很热的热饮归为2A类致癌物，也就是说，对人致癌性证据有限，但很可能致癌。

Based on these findings, IARC classified very hot beverages above 65 C as Group 2A, meaning they are probably carcinogenic to humans, although the evidence is not yet conclusive.

如果经常吃烫食，即使吃下很热的食物也不敏感，就会在不知不觉中一次又一次烫伤食道黏膜，导致烫伤—修复—烫伤反复发生，增加癌变风险。

哪些信号需要警惕？

每个人对温度的感知并不一致，有人65℃不觉得烫，也有人会被烫伤舌头。

如果生活中，不小心被过热饮食烫伤舌头，首先是需要降温，可考虑立即口含冷水或冰块，带走余热，终止热损伤；其次是保护，在烫伤愈合前，避免辛辣、过于粗糙的食物，尤其避免再次过热损伤。

If you accidentally burn your mouth or throat with hot food or drinks, cool the affected area as soon as possible by rinsing your mouth with cool water or sipping cool water. This helps reduce residual heat and limit further tissue damage. Avoid spicy, rough, or very hot foods until the area has healed.

如果疼痛持续不缓解、出现大溃疡、剧烈肿胀等，则建议到医院就诊处理。

需要警惕的是食管损伤，正常食管黏膜上皮会不断更新，但修复前提是停止热刺激和其他伤害，若损伤速度远高于修复速度，可能进展为疾病。

食管的痛觉不敏锐，如果出现吞咽异物感或梗阻感、胸骨后烧灼痛或刺痛等，要警惕食道损伤，更有甚者出现呕血、黑便等，提示有出血，那就需要紧急就医。

Seek medical attention if you experience warning signs such as a feeling of something stuck in your throat, difficulty swallowing, persistent pain or burning behind the breastbone, vomiting blood, or black stools. These symptoms may indicate more serious damage or bleeding and require prompt evaluation.

正确喝水，牢记这5点

❶ 不要等口渴了才喝；

❷ 水温在35~40℃最适宜；

❸ 小口慢喝，别大口猛灌；

❹ 千万别用饮料代替喝水；

❺ 即使天热也尽量少喝冰水。

温开水虽然口感平淡，但最好还是随时坚持喝几口，保持水分充足摄入；“滚水热茶暖心汤”，也千万晾凉再喝。