化学深耕堂
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长按识别丨直达原文
深耕点评
美国芝加哥大学Viresh H. Rawal、黎黎等人构建了刚性三蝶烯型有机铋骨架9-bismatriptycene(BisTrip),将其作为可装载、转移并回收的芳基转运体,实现多类羰基化合物的区域专一性α-芳基化。BisTrip可由芳基硼酸模块化装载不同芳基形成Aryl-BisTrip,并快速将芳基转移至预先形成的烯醇盐,从而控制芳基化位置,适用于季碳中心构建、环烯酮α′-芳基化及复杂分子的后期修饰。
深耕亮点:
1)刚性BisTrip骨架实现单一芳基的定向转移。BisTrip将三个骨架芳基锁定在三维三蝶烯框架中,使反应优先转移后装载的第四个芳基,避免传统多芳基铋试剂中不同芳基竞争转移。芳基转移后BisTrip通常可>95%乃至定量回收,形成“芳基装载—转移—载体回收”的反应模式。
2)烯醇盐位置直接决定α-芳基化位点。动力学或热力学烯醇盐可分别导向不同α位,即使底物存在多个可烯醇化位点,也能按照预先形成的烯醇盐实现区域专一性芳基化。该策略可选择性修饰更高取代的α位并构建季碳中心,还实现多种环烯酮较难处理的α′-芳基化,产率52–96%,并表现出很高的非对映选择性。
3)多类芳基可模块化装载,并能完整转移碘代芳基。BisTrip可由不同芳基硼酸装载给电子、吸电子及杂芳基等结构单元,随后转移至羰基α位。尤其是邻、间、对位碘代芳基均可在保留C–I键的情况下完成α-芳基化,并可继续进行Sonogashira、Suzuki–Miyaura偶联及铜催化叠氮化,为产物进一步衍生保留反应位点。
4)芳基转移在低温下仍可于数十秒内完成。室温下反应在15 s内即可完全进行,即使降至−78 °C,17 s后仍仅观察到芳基化产物和回收的BisTrip。在“手性记忆”实验中,以95% ee的手性酮为底物得到92:8的非对映体比例,显示该快速芳基化过程能够较高程度地保留底物的手性信息。
5)计算结果解释了快速成键和非对映选择性。DFT计算支持烯醇盐氧先与Bi(V)中心结合,随后发生低势垒配体偶联,协同完成C–C键形成和Bi–O键断裂;轴向成键路径较赤道向路径低1.1 kcal mol⁻¹,与实验观察到的快速反应及轴向选择性一致。
Abstract
The α-arylation of carbonyl compounds is a cornerstone transformation in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and natural products. Despite decades of efforts using transition metal, main-group and photoredox strategies, a general and practical α-arylation method with broad substrate scope has remained elusive. Here we show that 9-bismatriptycene (BisTrip), a rigid, shackled form of triphenylbismuth, functions as a universal aryl group transporter, enabling controlled and regiospecific α-arylation of diverse ketones, allowing the formation of sterically demanding quaternary centres and incorporation of iodoaryl units. BisTrip is readily loaded with aryl groups by a one-pot procedure using arylboronic acids to give Aryl-BisTrip and, after transferring the aryl to the enolate, is recovered quantitatively. Arylation of lithium enolates proceeds within seconds even at −78 °C and shows high fidelity in a memory-of-chirality experiment. Computations support a low barrier for C−C bond formation and account for the observed axial selectivity, establishing BisTrip as a practical platform for α-arylation.
作者信息
【个人主页】
https://chemistry.uchicago.
edu/faculty/viresh-rawal
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