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体重正常与否主要看BMI指数：体重(kg)÷身高(m)²

外语自言自语陪练｜雅思冲分｜ 2026-10-20 周二

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外语自言自语｜场景：晨间书房，体重秤与一张 WHO 表格｜语言：英语为主

陪练对象：小优（契苾小优，古凉州今武威）

外语独白

Monday morning, and the bathroom scale and I had a small disagreement. It showed one number, my memory insisted on another, and for once I wanted the words to be precise, not flattering. Am I overweight, or am I obese? In English these two words are neighbours, but they are not the same address. Overweight means your BMI, your body mass index, sits between 25 and 30. Obese means 30 or above. 这条界线我以前一直混着用，今天才算真正掰开。

So I went looking for numbers, and found a WHO table that reads like a world map of waistlines. Roughly one adult in six lives with obesity, about 16 per cent worldwide, and the figure has more than doubled since 1990. 全球翻了一倍还多，这个 doubled 用得真讲究，比 increased twice 利索多了。

What caught my eye was the region column. The Americas top the table at 34 per cent, the Eastern Mediterranean follows at 29, Europe sits at 23. Then the drop: Africa 12, the Western Pacific 9, South-East Asia just 8. 美洲几乎是东南亚的四倍还多。我的第一反应是人口，第二反应才对：这些数字都做过 age-standardising，把年龄结构抹平再比，不然年轻的国家会白白占便宜。这个 age-standardised，10-14 健康那期学 prevalence 的时候就埋了伏笔，今天正式派上用场，倍儿顺手。

And prevalence itself is worth weighing. A rate is not a headcount. South-East Asia's 8 per cent of a very large population is still a very large number of people. 率和人数这对老冤家，又碰上了，10-12 那期讲 per capita 就是这个理。

Walking away from the scale, I felt less judged and more curious. 数字不说谎，但数字也说不了全部的话。老规矩照旧贴在这儿：烟酒不沾，腿要迈开，书要接着啃。

语法笔记

• Obese is the adjective, obesity the noun; keep the wires untangled. Say "He is obese" or "He lives with obesity", never "He is obesity". The considerate general term is people living with obesity, and IELTS examiners quietly reward it.（obese 是形容词，obesity 是名词，别串线）

• Double is already a verb, so "more than doubled" needs no scaffolding: "obesity has more than doubled since 1990" says 翻了一倍还多, tighter and truer than "increased by over 100 per cent".

• Percentage and percentage points must live apart: 34% and 8% differ by a gap of 26 percentage points, never "26 percent".（相差 26 个百分点，不是 26 percent）

• Three tenses run the whole chart timeline: present simple for what the table shows now ("The table shows..."), past simple for fixed data points ("In 2022, the Americas recorded 34 per cent"), present perfect for trends still running ("has more than doubled since 1990"). 这副骨架 10-19 科技那期刚搭过，今天原样复用。

中式英语易错

❌ 中式英语 People are very fat now

✅ 地道表达 Obesity is on the rise

fat 直白扎人，报告口吻用 obesity on the rise

❌ 中式英语 The number is very big

✅ 地道表达 The prevalence is high

率配 high，人数才配 large

❌ 中式英语 His weight is very heavy

✅ 地道表达 He is overweight

heavy 形容的是秤上的读数，不形容 weight 这个词本身

❌ 中式英语 Fat people should exercise more

✅ 地道表达 People living with obesity may benefit from more exercise

说法得体，信息量不丢

❌ 中式英语 More and more people are obese

✅ 地道表达 Obesity has more than doubled since 1990

用趋势动词收编堆叠句

同义替换

• high → elevated / widespread（the prevalence remains elevated）

• rise → climb / double / more than double（figures doubled in three decades）

• about → roughly / approximately / one adult in six（数字不必句句挂 about）

• fat → obese / overweight / living with obesity（分语境换挡）

• region → area / part of the world（避免 region 连用五次）

• the highest → top the table / lead the rankings（the Americas top the table）

今日新词

• overweight：超重的。over-（越过）加古英语 wigan（搬动，同族 weight）；搭配 tip into the overweight category。

• calorie：卡路里。拉丁 calor（热）；搭配 calorie-dense food / cut calories。

• ultra-processed：超加工的。ultra-（极端）加 procedere（前行，cedere 走）；搭配 ultra-processed food。cedere 这个走根，10-19 学 access 时刚见过，access、concede、precede 全一家。

• waistline：腰围。waist 加 line；搭配 a growing waistline / watch one's waistline。

• double：动词，翻倍。拉丁 duplus（duo 两加 plus 倍）；同族 duplicate、dual。

• estimate：估计值。拉丁 aestimare（估价）；搭配 a rough estimate / current estimates。

• scale：体重秤。拉丁 scala（梯子、刻度）；搭配 a bathroom scale / the scale of the problem。同族 escalator，爬梯子就是滚刻度。

今日句型

• The Americas recorded the highest figure at 34 per cent, whereas South-East Asia posted the lowest at just 8. record 和 post 拿来当报告数据的动词，一个 whereas 把两极并到一句话里。

• Obesity has more than doubled since 1990, from under 9 per cent to roughly 16. 现在完成时加 from...to...，趋势句的标准骨架，跟 10-19 那句 has climbed from 15 to 77 per cent 是同一副模具。

• 旧句型回个锅：the more..., the more... 两半要平行。The wider the gap, the more careful your wording must be. 差距越大，用词越要小心，今天整篇都按这句过。

今日表达 TOP3

• tip the scales at：称起来重达。He tips the scales at 80 kilos. 秤被压得倾向一边，画面感比 weigh 好玩。

• more than double：翻了一倍还多。倍数变化别再绕 increased by more than 100 per cent。

• keep the weight off：减下来不反弹。Losing weight is hard; keeping it off is harder. keep off 这对短语动词，off 就是「离远点」。

一词多义 · 小心熟词生义

• scale：今日义"体重秤"；另一常见义"规模、程度"，如 the scale of the problem is enormous；另有"鳞片"与"攀登"义。

• weigh：今日义"称重"；另一常见义"权衡"，如 weigh the options before deciding。

• double：今日义"翻倍（动词）"；另一常见义"替身、双打"，如 a stunt double in the film。

• figure：今日义"数字"；另一常见义"身材"，如 watching one's figure；还有"人物"义。

• mass：今日义"质量、一大团"；另一常见义"群众"，如 the mass of the population。

• balance：今日义"平衡"；另一常见义"余额"，如 check your bank balance；还有"天平"义。

• portion：今日义"一份食物的量"；另一常见义"部分"，如 a large portion of the budget。

注意：scale、weigh、figure 三个最易踩，尤其 scale 作"规模"讲时前面常配 the scale of，别看见 scale 就只想起秤。

学科短文

Measuring fatness across a planet is harder than it sounds. Epidemiologists rarely trust raw headcounts, because a country with many young people will look healthier than it really is: young bodies weigh less. So they use the body mass index, weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared, and then age-standardise the result, recalculating it as if every population had the same age structure. On this measure, obesity has more than doubled since 1990, and in 2022 roughly one adult in six lived with it. The geography is uneven. Income, urbanisation and cheap processed calories push some regions far above the line, while others still face undernutrition. Many countries now carry both burdens at once, which researchers call the double burden of malnutrition.

重点词与英文释义

• prevalence: how common a condition is within a population（患病率）

• age-standardise: to adjust figures so that differences in age structure no longer distort the comparison（按年龄结构校正）

• undernutrition: the condition of not getting enough food or nutrients（营养不足）

• double burden: two opposite problems existing side by side（双重负担）

词源小知识

epidemiology = 希腊 epi（在…之上）加 dēmos（民众）加 -logia（学问），本义"落在民众头上的学问"，说的是流行病如何压到人群身上。同族好大一串：democracy（dēmos 加 kratos，民众做主）、demographics（民众的刻画）。下次看到 demo- 开头的词，先想"人"，再想别的。

️ ️ 词根串联 · 一网打尽

• cedere（走）：access、concede、precede、process、recede，10-19 的 access 和今天的 ultra-processed 牵的是同一根线。

• calor（热）：calorie、caloric，热量这个词根本身就是一炉火。

• duplus（两倍）：double、duplicate、dual，一分为二的全家福。

• dēmos（民众）：democracy、demographics、epidemiology，民众走到哪儿，学问跟到哪儿。

⏳ ⏳ 艾宾浩斯复习 · 旧词新境

• 10-14 Health: sedentary and prevalence. The seeds planted that day all sprouted this morning, as prevalence graduated from mere recognition to actual arithmetic, with age-standardised as its natural sequel.

• 09-15 Health: cardiovascular and metabolism. The downstream territory of today's obesity table belongs to exactly these two words.

• 10-12 Environment: a rate is not a total. Prevalence is a rate, not a headcount, and 8 per cent of a very large population is still a very large number of people.

• 09-28 Health: work out. Keep the gym sense alive, and the problem-solving sense as its extension; today both got a turn on the stage.

️ ️ 观点辩论 · 今日加餐

Motion: Obesity is mostly a matter of personal choice. 双方各 30 秒，词要站得住。

正方：Look at the table again: one planet, wildly different rates. Someone has to choose what goes on the fork, and it is the person holding it. Portions, evening walks, earlier dinners: none of these needs a permission slip. The word obese describes a body, but the road to it is paved with thousands of small daily decisions. Habits are hard, yes, but they are still ours to keep or break.

反方：If willpower were the whole story, whole regions would not differ this sharply. Where you live decides how far you walk, what fresh food costs, and how loudly ultra-processed snacks advertise themselves. Researchers even have a term for surroundings that push weight upward: an obesogenic environment. Change the environment and the statistics move, without anyone's character improving overnight. Blaming the fork ignores who built the table.

裁判笔记：正方的词库是 choice、habit、portion；反方的是 obesogenic environment、calories、statistics。别把 choice 说成 free will，哲学味太重；也别把 environment 说成 nature，这里指的是 food environment，跑了。

今日话题词卡

• overweight adj. 超重的 | tip into the overweight category | over- 加 wigan

• calorie n. 卡路里 | cut calories / calorie-dense food | 拉丁 calor 热

• ultra-processed adj. 超加工的 | ultra-processed food | ultra- 加 procedere

• waistline n. 腰围 | a growing waistline | waist 加 line

• double v. 翻倍 | obesity has more than doubled | 拉丁 duplus

• estimate n. 估计值 | a rough estimate | 拉丁 aestimare

• scale n. 体重秤；规模 | a bathroom scale / the scale of the problem | 拉丁 scala

• obesogenic adj. 致肥胖环境的 | an obesogenic environment | obes 加 -genic（产生）

⚡ ⚡ 一嘴反应训练

Part 1 快问快答，只给关键词不给稿，张嘴就来：

• Do you weigh yourself regularly? 关键词：on and off / every now and then / keep track of

• Is your diet healthy? 关键词：more or less / lean protein / portion size

• How do you keep fit? 关键词：work out / stamina / walk it off

发音与连读提示

• obesity：母语音标 əˈbiːsəti → 国际IPA /əˈbiːsɪti/。重音在第二音节，中间的 s 读 /s/ 不读 /z/，读成 obesi-「ty」就露馅了。

• prevalence：母语音标 ˈprevələns → 国际IPA /ˈprɛvələns/。第一音节重读，别读成 pre-VA-lence。

• 连读：tips the scales，s 轻碰 th 即走，别停顿；more than doubled，than 弱读成 /ðən/，一咬重句子就散。

多语种句尾

• Latin: Mens sana in corpore sano, "a sound mind in a sound body", from Juvenal's Satire X. The Romans tied the two halves together long ago; the bathroom scale only ever measures one of them.

• Spanish: La salud es lo primero, health comes first. Short, blunt, and very hard to argue with.

✍️ ✍️ 写作联动 · 看图写作

Source: WHO Global Health Observatory, age-standardised prevalence of obesity among adults (BMI >= 30), by WHO region, 2022. 真实数据，取该源最新可得年份。

统计旁注：表格统计内核是抓关键行与极值，忌逐格罗列。今天这道表有三道口径关：prevalence 是率不是人数，回扣 10-12 的 rate 不等于 total；age-standardised 把年龄结构抹平再比，回扣 10-14；全球均值约 16% 偏向低值端，因为人口大区多在低值区，区域排名不等于人口加权后的世界平均。

Task 1 写作任务：You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The table shows the prevalence of obesity among adults (BMI ≥ 30), age-standardised, across six WHO regions in 2022, with the world figure for reference. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

本期图型描述句型（表格）：

• The table compares adult obesity prevalence, expressed as an age-standardised percentage, across six WHO regions in 2022.

• The Americas recorded the highest figure at 34 per cent, whereas South-East Asia posted the lowest at just 8.

• A clear tier divides the table: the Americas, the Eastern Mediterranean and Europe all exceed 20 per cent, while Africa, the Western Pacific and South-East Asia stay below 15.

• Overall, the Americas' figure is more than four times that of South-East Asia.

• The world reference of roughly 16 per cent sits much closer to the lower tier than to the upper one.

范文要点：

1. Open with a one-sentence paraphrase of the rubric: table, measure (age-standardised prevalence), year, number of regions, nothing left out.

2. Overview in its own paragraph: regional differences are striking, the Americas highest and South-East Asia lowest, with the world figure of roughly 16 per cent sitting just above the lower tier.

3. Grouped comparison is the main course: the upper three regions all exceed 20 per cent, the lower three all stay below 15, and the four-fold gap deserves one sentence.

4. Land the ending on the reading of the figures: a rate is not a headcount, and populous regions mean a low rate is not a small number.

️ ️ 引导理解（从凉州看世界）

Standing on the slopes of 凉州莲花山（姑臧紫山）, you inherit a landscape that has always priced movement into daily life. 「凉州之畜为天下饶」 stands recorded in the Book of Han, treatise on geography, and 「凉州绯色，天下之最」 in the Wei Shu, the biography of Wei Yu: a land measured by horse hooves and sheep flocks, where a herder covering dozens of li between dawn and dusk never needed a fitness plan, because the work itself was the workout. Lay the WHO table beside that foothill life and a quiet irony surfaces: when labour moved from the legs to the chair, the numbers climbed to the top of the chart. Li Zibiao, a boy who grew up at the foot of this very mountain, sailed to Naples for his years of study and later interpreted for the British Macartney mission in 1793; a footpath of that scale was the best metabolism ever prescribed. 从凉州看世界，健康的答案未必装在药瓶里，也装在每天迈开的步子里。