2021年至今，投必得已经接连助力数十篇一区 SCI论文发表，今天投必得给大家分享其中一篇最新发表于JCR分区Q1期刊的SCI论文。

此外，时态是一个常见的语法问题，经常有人弄不清楚在写SCI论文过程中，时态具体该怎样用，本文后半部分具体分析了SCI论文各章节时态的用法，希望对大家有所帮助。

最新一区论文

这篇论文是由山东农业大学和华中农业大学的老师和学生们发表的环境科学与生态学类论文“A new insight to characterize immunomodulation based on hepatopancreatic transcriptome and humoral immune factor analysis of the Cherax quadricarinatus infected with Aeromonas veronii”——基于肝腺转录组和体液免疫因子分析感染空气单胞菌的免疫调节的新见解（机器翻译，仅供参考）。

论文下载地址如下：

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112347

有相关专业或者感兴趣的读者可以自行下载！

这篇论文是2021年1月21日接收，5月25日线上见刊。

  • Received 21 January 2021,

  • Revised 11 May 2021,

  • Accepted 12 May 2021,

  • Available online 25 May 2021.

投必得服务的每一篇论文都是高质高效的，欢迎各位读者咨询投必得的润色翻译等服务!

这篇论文的Acknowledgements部分，作者对投必得润色编辑服务予以致谢，如下图所示！我们由衷感谢作者团队对我们的信任和支持！下图是这篇SCI论文作者对投必得的致谢。

作者&单位

山东农业大学是一所以农业科学为优势，生命科学为特色，融农、理、工、管、经、文、法、艺术学等于一体的多科性大学。

学校现有在校生34529人，其中本科生29936人，博士、硕士研究生4655人，继续教育类学生18592人。现有教职工2483人，教师中有教授、副教授1122人，中国科学院院士1人。

学校拥有12个博士后科研流动站，12个一级学科博士点，24个一级学科硕士点、12个专业学位授权类别。

学校设有齐鲁学堂、农学院、植物保护学院、资源与环境学院、林学院、园艺科学与工程学院、动物科技学院（动物医学院）、机械与电子工程学院、经济管理学院（商学院）、食品科学与工程学院、生命科学学院、外国语学院、公共管理学院、水利土木工程学院、信息科学与工程学院、化学与材料科学学院、国际交流学院、体育学院、艺术学院、马克思主义学院、继续教育学院等21个学院。

期刊情报

接下来我们用投必得的iJournal期刊查询与选择平台

（https://ijournal.topeditsci.com/home）来查看一下这本期刊的详细信息。

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety（ISSN：0147-6513）是一本多学科综合性期刊，专注于了解环境污染对包括人类健康在内的生物暴露和影响，包含三个主题：(1)生态毒理学、(2)环境化学、(3)环境安全。该期刊自2021年1月开始转为金色开放获取期刊。

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety的主编有两位：一位是来自广州大学大湾区环境研究院环境健康研究所所长闫兵教授，另一位为普利茅斯大学的Richard Handy教授。

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety的最新影响因子为6.291（2020年），在Environmental sciences类265种期刊中排名第44，在Toxicology类92种期刊中排名第11。近年来影响因子呈上升趋势，过去3年的影响因子分别为4.872（2019年）、4.527（2018年）、3.974（2017年）。

从官网统计的平均数据来看，2020年，Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety从作者投稿到收到初审决定的平均时间为3.9周，从投稿到终审决定的平均时间为6.5周。（包含所有投稿稿件）

常见时态总结

英文写作里面，时态的选择是一个很头疼的事情。英文中的时态包括：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、一般过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、过去将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、过去将来完成时、现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时、将来完成进行时、过去将来完成进行时，一共有16种时态。

相比于传说中的英文16种时态，SCI论文其实用到的最主要就是其中的2种（一般现在时和一般过去时）。不管写什么文章，时态的运用肯定都符合英语语法的基本原理。

1.一般现在时

主要用于描述不受时间限制的客观存在事实或真理，这种事实不仅仅包括那些真理，还包括这篇文章本身，文章中的图表。比如，客观陈述他人已经发表的研究成果作为佐证时，普遍都用一般现在时。基于此，“Introduction”中的文献回顾和 “Discussion”中的大部分，都可用一般现在时描述。

2.一般过去时

一般过去时是用来描述过去发生的事情，比如用来引用别人的工作时，或者别人以前的结果，或者描述以前经过比较各种方法后的决定，以及之后描述文章中使用的研究方法。论文中“Materialand Methods” 和 “Results” 的大部分，都可用一般过去时描述。

3.现在进行时和将来时

现在进行时跟将来时在文章中都用的很少，因为在写文章的时候，跟文章相关的结果都是已经完成的，除非在谈到后续的工作的时候，才会说到现在正在做什么，而预期的结果应该用将来时。

SCI论文各章节时态解读

接下来，笔者就选取了一篇投必得专业编辑润色的高分SCI论文（详情请看：2021年手握七篇1区论文的我：如何将文章发表在顶级期刊上），通篇解读论文每个章节的时态，看看具体论文中时态应该如何使用。一般的SCI论文通常包括 Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion 这几个部分。

摘要（Abstract）：

Abstract部分主要有两种时态：一般情况下，研究背景，实验目的，论文结论，采用一般现在时；实验方法，结果及发现，采用过去时。当然，有些杂志也会专门设置比较“特别”的要求，具体请参考期刊的guideline。

下面是高分论文的Abstract的时态实例。

Abstract

[研究背景]Paper production generates pulp and paper wastewater (PPW), and it is difficult to remove the high-level pollutants in PPW efficiently. Herein, an efficient industrial-scale pulp and paper wastewater treatment plant (PP-WWTP) that integrated physicochemical and biological processes is investigated and reported. [实验方法]This PP-WWTP treated 2.3 Mt of wastewater with 17,388 ± 1436 mg/L chemical oxygen demand (COD) annually. The PP-WWTP can effectively remove over 99.81% of the COD. In detail, the physical, anaerobic, aerobic and chemical steps accounted for 41.6%, 40.0%, 11.9%, and 6.5% of COD removal, respectively. The microbial communities of the bioreactors removed the pollutants efficiently and contained diverse microbes. Further metagenomic analyses of the bioreactors identified more than 90,000 genes/gene fragments encoding for carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZys), demonstrating high lignocellulose degradation ability of the bioreactors at molecular level. [实验结果]The xylanase activity assay showed some lignocellulase in the bioreactors were functional. Recycling the residual heat from the PPW along with energy recovered from biological treatment of the PPW, in the form of biogas (20,000 m³/d), could generate more than 1.5 M USD benefits/y. [论文结论]The results of this study demonstrated that the integrated physicochemical and biological process for PPWW treatment could effectively remove pollutants while generating revenue.

前言（Introduction）：

Introduction部分的时态比较复杂。研究背景描述的如果是经典原理、事实或目前为止最前沿的结果，用一般现在时。

下面是高分论文Introduction的时态实例。

Several physicochemical strategies, such as adsorption method (Jain et al., 2009), electrochemical method (Chanworrawoot and Hunsom, 2012), electro-Fenton/electro-coagulation process (Altin et al., 2017), membrane filtration (Ejraei et al., 2019), and sedimentation (Grötzner et al., 2018) have been applied for PPW treatments. Though physiochemical methods can remove most pollutants, these methods generally require large amounts of chemicals and a high-level of energy input (Kamali and Khodaparast, 2015; Toczylowska-Maminska, 2017). The cost for chemical treatment of low strength wastewater is 1.5-fold that of biological treatment (Buyukkamaci and Koken, 2010). Biological methods using aerobic/anaerobic bioreactors can remove most pollutants in PPW economically and eco-friendly (Kamali and Khodaparast, 2015; Magnusson et al., 2018). Aerobic process removes 30%–70% of pollutants and generates sludge; there is the need to supply oxygen for the aerobic microbiota, which increases PPW treatment cost (Vashi et al., 2018, 2019). Anaerobic process can achieve more than 70% pollutant removal efficiency when the PPW COD is below 7,000 mg/L. Certain anaerobic bacteria are very sensitive to chemicals, such as lignocellulose materials and hardly biodegradable compounds (i.e., lignin and phenol) that exists in PPW (Chen et al., 2008). The optimum operating temperature for anaerobic process is above 30 °C, thus energy input is desired for anaerobic bioreactors (Arikan et al., 2015). Anaerobic treatment of PPW recovers the energy content of PPW in the form of methane gas (Yarberry et al., 2019); hence, anaerobic process is regarded as a promising method for wastewater treatment (Kamali et al., 2016). Integration of physicochemical strategies and biological process can remove chemical pollutants efficiently and economically (Liang et al., 2019), which would be applied in PPW treatment.

Introduction部分描述曾经的研究，但已经过时或失效，作者怀疑其正确性，或要否定其正确性时，用过去时或过去完成时。

下面是高分论文的Introduction的时态实例。

The physicochemical mechanisms for PPW pollutant removal are relatively clear, but information about pollutant elimination mechanisms of the biological process is limited (Wilks and Scholes, 2018). Diverse cellulolytic bacteria play a key role in pollutant removal in bioreactors of PP-WWTP (Li et al., 2019). The two dominant bacteria active in the conversion of lignocellulose into methane or CO2 in an anaerobic process are cellulolytic bacteria and methanogens (Hagos et al., 2017; Larsson et al., 2017). In an aerobic process, cellulolytic microbes participate in the process of lignocellulose degradation (Vashi et al., 2019). The most abundant phyla in a lab-scale PPW bioreactor studied by Ping et al. were uncultured Chloroflexi (29.2%) and Proteobacteria (36.5%–41.5%) (Ping et al. (2019)). Though many plants have been constructed for PPW treatment, microbial investigation of an industrial-scale PPW treatment plant (PP-WWTP) has rarely been reported (Roest et al., 2005). Metagenomic insight into a PP-WWTP would unravel the potential pollutant removal microbes and their pollutant removal mechanism (Carballa et al., 2015; Wolff et al., 2018).

材料与方法（Materials and methods）：

Materials and methods部分主要使用一种时态：描述写论文之前作者所做的工作，用一般过去时。

下面是高分论文的Materials and methods的时态实例。

The pulp and paper mill was built in 2003 by Jiaozuo Ruifeng Paper Co., Ltd., Jiaozuo, Henan province, China. The mill produces 180,000 air dry metric t of pulp and paper annually from cottonwood now. The mill uses alkaline peroxide mechanical pulping method (Andritz pulp & paper technologies, Andritz Group Headquarters, Austria) to produce pulp and paper and generates an average wastewater of 2,300,000 m3/y (269 ± 38 m3/h). Henan Junhe Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd andJiaozuo Ruifeng Paper Co., Ltd built an industrial-scale PP-WWTP to remove the pollutants in the wastewater stream. The PP-WWTP was revamped in 2017 to comply with new Chinese environment protection requirements.

结果（Results）:

Results部分主要使用一种时态：描述自己的研究结果时，用过去时。

下面是高分论文的Results的时态实例。

The plant performance was assessed based on data collected in 2018. The COD of influent wastewater was 17,388 ± 1436 mg/L, and the COD of effluent wastewater was 33 ± 4 mg/L. The TSS of influent wastewater was 4,115 ± 231 mg/L, and the TSS of effluent wastewater was 23 ± 1 mg/L. The average COD and TSS removal were 99.81% ± 0.03% and 99.43 ± 0.04%, respectively (Fig. 2a and Fig. S1a).

但是，单纯描述结果呈现形式（图或表），或直接用图或表作为主语时，因为是写作当时发生的事，所以使用一般现在时。

下面是高分论文的Results的时态实例。

The OTU numbers of EGSB1, EGSB2 and AAST bioreactors were 874, 879 and 1098, respectively. The microbial abundance of EGSB1 and EGSB2 was slightly different. The microbial abundance of AAST was higher than that of EGSB bioreactors (Fig. 4b). The common OTU number among the three bioreactors was 309, and the common OTU number of EGSB1 and EGSB2 was 721 (Fig. 4b). The ten most dominant OTUs of the two EGSB bioreactors were nearly the same, and they composed 57.8% of EGSB1 and 54.2% of EGSB2. The three most dominant OTUs of EGSB bioreactors were assigned to archaea (Table S2). The ten most dominant OTUs of AAST bioreactor composed 35.4% of the AAST microbiota, and they were different from the dominant OTUs in the EGSB bioreactors (Table S2). The four most dominant OTUs of AAST bioreactors were assigned to Actinobacteria (Table S2).

讨论（Disscussion）:

Disscussion部分主要使用两种时态：对此次研究结果的总结，用过去时；对Results部分的结果描述进行更深入的分析和讨论,阐述结果的意义，用一般现在时。

下面是高分论文的Disscussion的时态实例。

The industrial-scale PP-WWTP integrating physicochemical and biological strategies treated efficiently 2.3 Mt of PPW/y discharged from an industrial-scale paper mill. The integrated physicochemical and the biological steps removed 99.81% of COD and 99.43% of TSS, indicating the plant was efficient for pollutant removal. The heat exchanger step of the plant recycled residual heat, and the biological steps successfully converted SCOD (mainly lignocellulose) to biogas (20,000 m³/d), thereby, generating large economic outcome for the pulp and paper mill. Compared with Nordic Kraft pulp mill (Larsson et al., 2015), which produced biomethane, our strategy was efficient in utilizing biogas by burning for steam directly in the pulp and paper mill. The economic evaluation of our plant showed that the operating cost was lower than other similar high strength wastewater treatment cost (Buyukkamaci and Koken, 2010). Given that 41.6% COD (mainly fiber) were recycled for production, and 40% COD were converted into energy in the EGSB bioreactors, the PP-WWTP was efficient in pollutant removal.

结论（Conclusion）:

Conclusion部分不止一种时态：强调过去的研究成果采用过去时，表达将来的研究方向或研究前景用将来时。阐述自己研究成果的意义用一般现在时。

下面是高分论文的Conclusion的时态实例。

This study investigated the performance and microbial communities of an integrated physicochemical and biological strategy for PPW treatment. The COD removal efficiency of the integrated treatment plant was 99.81%. In details, the physical step of the PP-WWTP removed most of the insoluble pollutants, and the bioreactors removed most of the soluble pollutant. Biogas production by the EGSB bioreactors and residual heat recycling decreased the PPW treatment operation cost, generating benefits of about 1.5 M USD for the PP-WWTP. Microbiota analyses reveal many novel CAZy genes, providing insights into the high and efficient lignocellulose degradation ability of the bioreactors at molecular level.

写在最后

最后再次恭喜投必得润色的论文作者，想要发表高质量论文，冲击高校教研岗位的小伙伴可以联系投必得学术，我们在这里等你呦！