甘地的治国理念是提倡印度实行小农庄及小规模的家庭手工业，反对工业化，他的构想是让印度回到自给自足的小农经济中去，印度各大城邦在各自的地域中发展，彼此互不干扰，和平共处。很明显，甘地的思想带有浓厚的小农经济色彩，而且也前后矛盾，也并不适合独立后印度的发展。而中国老一辈无产阶级革命家则高瞻远瞩，早早就为中国的全面工业化打下了基础。在美版知乎Quora上，美国网友提问道：中印基本同时建国，为什么中国的老一辈无产阶级革命家的治国战略比印度甘地的更富有成效？这个问题引起各国网友的围观和热议，我们来看看他们的观点。

印度专家维贾伊?西努哈的回答

China and India are both great and ancient countries. Similarly, both countries were invaded or colonized by Western bandits.

中国和印度都是伟大而古老的国家，同样，两国都被西方强盗入侵或殖民过。

There's an old saying in China: "there's no making without breaking". Countries or civilizations like China and India have existed for too long. Their ancient glory has long disappeared. When Western powers rise, they are old, sick, rotten and even dying. Their old bodies won't work in the new era. They need fresh blood to survive.

中国有句老话：“There's no making without breaking”(不破不立)”, 像中国和印度这样的国家或文明，他们存在的时间太久了，他们古老的荣耀早已消逝，当西方列强崛起时，他们已经老了，生病了，腐烂了，甚至奄奄一息。他们旧的身体在新时代根本行不通，他们需要新鲜血液才能生存。

Emperors, nobles or higher castes, landlords, these are vested interests. These people are greedy and weak. They control the country but refuse to change.

皇帝、贵族或更高种姓、地主，这些都是既得利益者，这些人贪婪而软弱，他们控制着这个国家，但拒绝改变。

Throughout the 20th century, China has completely destroyed itself from the outside to the inside through fire and blood. She has paid the price, lost almost everything, and almost destroyed her ancient culture. China has been reborn and is now young and healthy.

用整个二十世纪的时间，中国通过火和血，从外到内彻底摧毁了自己，她付出了代价，几乎失去了一切，几乎摧毁了自己的古老文化，中国重生了，现在年轻健康。

India tried to save itself, bought a new dress called "democracy" and imitated the western system brought by the colonists, but her heart was still old. The nobility and landlords still existed. India was deeply trapped by these parasites and thousands of years of tradition and culture. India is still old, but China has been reborn.

印度试图拯救自己，买了一件名为“民主”的新衣服，并效仿殖民者带来的西方制度，但她的内心仍然是旧的，贵族和地主仍然存在，印度被这些寄生虫以及数千年的传统和文化深深困住。印度现在仍是老的，但中国已经浴火重生。

This is because the revolutionaries represented by Mao Zedong have done three major things in the field of ideology and culture:

这是因为以毛泽东为代表的革命家在思想文化领域做了三件大事：

1. Deprive feudal bureaucrats and bourgeois intellectuals of their privileges and break the monopoly of public opinion;

1、剥夺封建官僚和资产阶级知识分子的特权，打破舆论垄断；

2. Eliminate the original local clan forces and warlord forces in China, and realize centralization of power;

2、消除中国原有的地方宗族势力和军阀势力，实现中央集权；

3. The capital and bureaucratic interest groups within China have been eliminated.

3、消除了中国内部的资本和官僚利益集团。

He gives the people the greatest power: the government takes serving the people as its purpose, and the people are the masters of history.

他赋予人民最大的权力：政府以为人民服务为宗旨，人民是历史的主人。

He taught the Chinese that if anyone dares to whip you, whether he is a government official, a superior, a rich man, a monk, an imam, asachalya or a guru, you must fight back bravely! Don't let them ride on your head again.

他教给中国人，如果有人胆敢鞭打你，无论他是政府官员、上级、富人、僧侣、伊玛目、阿萨查里亚还是古鲁，你必须勇敢地反击！不要让他们再骑在你的头上。

枷锁

Lu Xun, the flag bearer of China's new culture, said that Chinese people always like to reconcile and compromise. For example, if you say that the room is too dark, you must open a window here. Everyone must not allow it. But if you want to tear down the roof, they will come to reconcile and are willing to open windows. Without more drastic proposals, they would not even carry out peaceful reforms.

中国新文化的旗手鲁迅说：中国人的性情是总喜欢调和，折中的。譬如你说，这屋子太暗，须在这里开一个窗，大家一定不允许的。但如果你主张拆掉屋顶，他们就会来调和，愿意开窗了。没有更激烈的主张，他们总连平和的改革也不肯行。

Mao Zedong said that correction must be excessive, but correction cannot be. That is to say, in order to correct mistakes, we must go beyond the appropriate limits, otherwise mistakes cannot be corrected. The original problems of old China have gone deep into the bone marrow, and we must use powerful drugs to treat them according to their symptoms.

毛泽东主席还说，矫枉必须过正,不过正不能矫枉，也就是说为了纠正错误，必须超出适当的限制，否则错误无法纠正，旧中国原有的问题已经深入骨髓，必须用猛药，辨症施治。

Chairman Mao just wanted the Chinese people to stand up mentally and physically, not to kneel like slaves, not to land on all fours like animals.

毛主席只是想让中国人在精神上和身体上都站起来，不要像奴隶一样跪着，不要像动物一样四肢着地。

India needs such a great man to thoroughly reform its old culture in order to be reborn. So, wake up, Indian brothers, don't be bound by the old culture, don't be fooled by religion.

印度需要这样的伟人彻底改革其旧文化以获得重生。所以，醒醒吧，印度兄弟们，不要被旧文化所束缚，不要被宗教所愚弄。

When Indians stand up and kill these demons, you will be liberated to seriously pursue truth and goodness. Until then, China will continue to move forward, while India has no choice but to play with its thumb and pray in vain.

当印度人站起来杀死这些恶魔的那一刻，你将被解放，去认真地追求真理和善良。在那之前，中国将继续前进，而印度别无选择，只能摆弄自己的大拇指，进行徒劳的祈祷。

In short, you must get rid of old culture (including religion), accept rational and humanistic values, and realize that people are the Supreme God, and they can control their own destiny.

简而言之，你必须摆脱旧文化（包括宗教），接受理性和人文价值观，意识到人民自己才是至高无上的神，他们可以掌控自己的命运。

China's success is the success of the Chinese revolutionaries with Mao Zedong as the core. In fact, Mao Zedong is the most successful and successful leader in modern China. They laid the foundation for the establishment and development of new China:

中国的成功是以毛泽东为核心的中国革命者的成功。事实上，毛泽东等革命者是中国近代以来最成功、最富有成就的领导人，他们为新中国的成立和发展奠定了基础：

? unified oral English; Teach people to speak Mandarin (I can't emphasize how important this is);

?统一口语；教大家说普通话（这一点的重要性如何强调也不为过）；

? since the late Ming Dynasty about 400 years ago, the complete political unity of the country has been realized for the first time in the form of a multi-ethnic state;

?自大约400年前的明朝后期以来，在多民族的国家形态下，首次实现了国家的完全政治统一；

? win the strategic victory of the Korean War. The Korean War was a key test for the people's Republic of China, and it was also a year after the end of the civil war. People often forget that the Korean War has terrible similarities with the first Sino Japanese war. In fact, the year the Korean War ended in 1953 was only 60 years away from the Sino Japanese war.

?赢得朝鲜战争的战略性胜利。朝鲜战争是对中华人民共和国的关键考验，也是在内战结束一年后。人们常常忘记朝鲜战争与第一次中日战争有着可怕的相似之处，事实上，1953年朝鲜战争结束的那一年距离甲午战争只过去六十年。

The performance of new China in the war far exceeded anyone's expectations. The UN troops not only stopped crossing the Yalu River, but also were forced to withdraw across the whole of Korea, even across the Han River. This is the longest land withdrawal in American history. The first marine expeditionary force was forced to carry out the only land retreat in the history of the United States Marine Corps, a record that continues to this day.

新中国在战争中的表现远远超出任何人的预期。联合国部队不仅停止了跨越鸭绿江的行动，而且还被迫穿越整个朝鲜进行撤军，甚至越过汉江，这是美国历史上最长的陆地撤退。第一支海军陆战队远征军被迫进行了美国海军陆战队历史上唯一的陆上撤退，这一记录一直持续到今天。

? participate in the hegemony game of superpowers while maintaining independence. Although China has many weaknesses, in the struggle for global hegemony, China can resist the United States and the Soviet Union at the same time.

?在保持独立的同时参与超级大国的争霸游戏。尽管中国有着诸多弱点，但在争夺全球霸权的斗争中，中国能够同时抵抗美国和苏联。还有：

He led the Chinese people to end the Chinese civil war that lasted for half a century;

他带领中国人民结束了持续半个世纪的中国内战；

He built an army that could repel foreign invaders and end the century long humiliation since the Opium War;

他建立了一支能够击退外国侵略者的军队，并且能够结束了鸦片战争以来长达一个世纪的屈辱；

He emphasized the role of women in society and promoted gender equality;

他强调妇女在社会中的作用，推动了两性平等；

Under his leadership, China realized industrialization;

在他的领导下，中国实现了工业化；

He knew the importance of education. Before Mao Zedong, the literacy rate was about 10%. After Mao Zedong, the literacy rate reached more than 70%;

他知道教育的重要性，毛泽东之前，识字率在10%左右，毛泽东之后，识字率达到了70%以上；

Under his leadership, the life expectancy of the Chinese people has increased from 35 to 65;

在他的领导下，中国人的预期寿命从35岁增加到65岁；

Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, China has built its own nuclear deterrent force, and has become a member of the five permanent members of the United Nations;

中国在毛泽东领导下建造了自己的核威慑力量，跻身联合国五常；

Therefore, basically, for ordinary Chinese, if you were born before the founding of new China, you are likely to be illiterate and die in your thirties. After the Mao Zedong era, you may be literate, have a little money, and live to 60, so you have the opportunity to get married and have children, and watch them grow up to be self-sufficient. The new Chinese government has raised China's life expectancy, liberated women, implemented basic medical care and education, and laid the foundation for technological progress. This is a basic fact. Any discussion on Mao Zedong's great strategy and leadership should begin with recognizing this fact.

因此，基本上，对于普通中国人来说，如果你出生在新中国成立之前，你很可能是文盲，并且在三十多岁时去世。毛泽东时代之后，你可能有机会识字，有一点钱，活到60岁以上，所以你有机会结婚生子，看着他们长大后自给自足。新中国政府提高了中国的预期寿命，解放了妇女，实施了基本的医疗保健和教育，并为技术进步奠定了基础，这是基本事实，任何关于毛泽东伟大的战略和领导能力的讨论都应该从认识到这一事实开始。

At the same time, China has been subject to the strictest embargo in the West. The US trade embargo against China shows that the US is the country with the most embargoes against China in history. There are 400 items on the embargo list, including fertilizers, wooden fishing boats, medicines and copper wires. In 1950, China was to a large extent a pre industrialized country, unable to manufacture these things at a reasonable cost, so they suffered a lot of suffering and bullying. The embargo even prevented Australia and Canada from selling food and fertilizer to China during natural disasters.

与此同时，中国一直受到西方最严格的禁运。美国对华贸易禁令说明美国是有史以来对华禁运最多的国家。禁运清单上有400件物品，包括化肥、木制渔船、药品和铜线等等。1950年代，中国在很大程度上是一个前工业化国家，没有能力以合理的成本制造这些东西，因此他们遭受了大量的苦难和欺凌，禁运甚至阻止了澳大利亚和加拿大在自然灾害时期向中国出售粮食和化肥。

针对中国的贸易禁运

How is it mainly driven by the domestic party politics in the United States, which forces the U.S. government to take action. The White House also cooperates with U.S. allies, especially western Europe and Japan. This is why China now maintains a three-year Grain Reserve and is the only country in the world with a strategic pork reserve. Pigs: in China's strategic pork reserves, they absolutely believe that the United States will weaponize food.

它主要是如何由美国国内政党政治推动的，这迫使美国政府采取行动，白宫同样与美国盟友，尤其是西欧和日本进行合作禁运。这也是为什么中国现在保持着3年的粮食储备，并且是世界上唯一拥有战略猪肉储备的国家。战略猪肉和粮食储备可以给他们安全感，因为他们绝对有理由相信美国会食品武器化。

Under such difficult conditions, without the work of Mao Zedong and other older generations, can China embark on the road of rapid economic growth after the reform and opening up? China's labor market may have an illiteracy rate of 80%, with an average life expectancy of 35 years. Women's feet are tied together and they can only stay at home. Without him, it is difficult to imagine the competitive advantage of China's labor force?

在这样的艰苦条件下，如果没有毛泽东等老一辈的工作，改革开放后中国能走上经济高速增长的道路吗？中国的劳动力市场可能会有80%的文盲率，平均预期寿命为35岁，女性脚被绑在一起，只能呆在家里，如果没有他，难以想象中国的劳动力的竞争优势会是什么？

The Chinese people are very lucky to have such a leader, but what about the Indian people?

中国人民很幸运可以拥有这样的领导者，可是印度人民呢？

甘地在雨中行走

We can be sure that Gandhi has many advantages. He did some amazing and extraordinary things. For example, he has forever changed the face of radicalism and civil resistance, for which mankind should be deeply grateful to him. People call Mahatma "the great soul". But everyone has his own shortcomings. His shortcomings are disastrous for India.

我们可以肯定，甘地有很多优点，他确实做了一些惊人而不凡的事情。例如，他永远改变了激进主义和公民抗争的面貌，为此，人类应该对他深表感激。人们称圣雄为“伟大的灵魂”。可每个人都有不足的一面，他的缺点对印度来说却是灾难性的。

First of all, I will state that I dislike Mohandas Gandhi for three reasons:

首先，我将陈述我不喜欢莫汉达斯·甘地有三个原因：

First, his role in the division of India led to bloodshed and forced millions of people to move from both sides of the border. People have been forced to leave their homes (especially in Punjab), forced to become homeless and starved.

首先，他在印度分裂中所起的作用导致了流血事件，并迫使数百万人从边界两侧迁移。人们被迫背井离乡（特别是在旁遮普地区），被迫无家可归和挨饿。

I myself belong to a Punjab refugee family from Sialkot (West Punjab), so I can understand the pain my family suffered during the partition. Similarly, I can feel the innocent Muslims in eastern Punjab who are forced to move to the other side of the border. I am not saying that Janna or Nehru did not participate in the partition, but Gandhi should also be blamed because he did not stop the partition, even if he was able to do so.

我本人属于一个来自锡亚尔科特（西旁遮普）的旁遮普难民家庭，因此我可以理解我的家人在分治期间所遭受的痛苦。同样，我也能感受到旁遮普东部无辜的穆斯林，他们被迫迁移到边境的另一边。我并不是说真纳或尼赫鲁没有参与分治，但甘地同样应该受到谴责，因为他没有阻止分治，即使他有能力阻止。

Second, in 1947, Japan was far behind India in economy, but due to its own efforts, it reestablished its economic status. After 60 years of Nehru Gandhi rule, India gradually fell far behind Japan. Sadar has a vision for the development of the country. If sadar were the prime minister, we would neither have Nehru Gandhi's rule nor fall behind 60 years after independence. We will be far ahead of many developed countries.

第二，1947年，日本在经济上远远落后于印度，但由于自身的努力，它重新建立了自己的经济地位，在尼赫鲁-甘地统治60年后，印度逐渐远远落后于日本。萨达尔对国家的发展有着远见卓识，如果萨达尔是总理，我们既不会有尼赫鲁·甘地的统治，也不会在独立60年后落后。我们将远远领先于许多发达国家。

Thirdly, and most importantly, his prejudice against revolutionaries such as bhagatsingh and subhashchandrabose. Everyone knows how influential and powerful these two great leaders were at that time, and Mohandas Gandhi was behind them. Therefore, in order to surpass them, Mohandas Gandhi killed these two great figures. No Punjab or Bangladeshi can forgive Gandhi's shameful behavior.

第三，也是最重要的一点，他对巴加特·辛格（BhagatSingh）和苏哈什·钱德拉·博斯（SubhashChandraBose）等革命者的偏见。每个人都知道这两位伟大的领袖当时有多大的影响力和力量，而莫汉达斯·甘地则在他们身后，所以为了超越他们，莫汉达斯·甘地杀死了这两位伟大的人物，任何旁遮普人或孟加拉人都无法原谅甘地的这种可耻行为。

During the period of the Republic of China, Dai Jitao visited India to seek the support of India, but Gandhi advised China to give up resistance to Japan and let the Japanese slaughter at will. Anyway, China has so many people, and Japan can't kill them all. Sooner or later, the Japanese will be tired of killing them, and then they will quit.

中国的民国时期戴季陶曾访问印度拜访甘地，寻求印度方面的支持，甘地却劝中国放弃抵抗日本，让日军随便屠杀，反正中国有那么多的人口，日本是杀不完的，迟早有一天日本人杀厌倦了，就会懒得侵占了，然后就会退兵。

Gandhi, as a national leader, said something like this, which really surprised people. He used the strategy of no resistance and let the Japanese army slaughter at will. Is this what a normal person can say? At that time, when these remarks came out, the national government understood that daobu was not in collusion. Gandhi's policy of non resistance is not suitable for China at all, nor can it bring any benefit to India.

作为一国领导人的甘地说出这样子的一番话，真的是让人大跌眼镜，采用不抵抗策略，让日本军队随意屠杀，这是一个正常人能说出来的话？当时，这一番言论出来，国民政府就明白了，道不同不相为谋。甘地的这种不抵抗政策是完全不适合中国的，同样也是不能给印度带来一点好处的。