围绕城市交通系统优化与创新研究，本期精选发表在《城市交通》5篇双语文章，欢迎阅读！
精选文章·Selected Articles
01
信号控制交叉口人均延误的影响因素研究
Influence Factors of Per Capita Delay at Signal-Controlled Intersections
【摘要】在利用人均延误进行信号控制交叉口优化时，研究者为了简化模型通常使用不同车型的车辆平均载客量和车均延误来估计人均延误。为揭示这一简化方法忽视的人均延误的影响因素，通过对传统Webster模型进行改进，从理论上证明了人均延误受到不同车辆载客量和车辆到达顺序的显著影响。进而提出一种融合改进的Webster模型和高斯混合模型的人均延误估计方法。利用VISSIM仿真软件在不同交通量、车辆到达顺序、车辆类型比例和车辆载客量分布组合的场景下测试所提出的估计方法。结果表明，信号控制交叉口人均延误受不同载客量车辆的到达顺序、车辆类型比例的影响，证明了所提出的估计方法通过反映这些影响因素能够对处于非饱和交通流条件下的人均延误及其极值进行更加准确的估计。
【Abstract】When optimizing signal-controlled intersections based on per capita delay, researchers often simplify models to estimate per capita delay by using average passenger capacity and average delay per vehicle for different vehicle types. This simplified method ignores certain influential factors of per capita delay. Based on the improved traditional Webster model, this paper presents theoretical proof to demonstrate that per capita delay is significantly influenced by different passenger capacities and arrival sequences of vehicles. An estimation method for per capita delay that combines the improved Webster model with Gaussian mixture model is proposed. The proposed estimation method was tested using VISSIM simulation software under various scenarios, including different traffic volume distributions, arrival sequences of vehicles, proportions of vehicle types, and vehicle passenger capacity distributions. The results show that per capita delay at signal-controlled intersections is affected by the arrival sequence of vehicles with varying passenger capacities and the vehicle type proportions. With these influential factors reflected, the proposed estimation method provides more accurate estimates of per capita delay and the extreme values under non-saturated traffic flow conditions.
02
共享服务理念下深圳市交通模型系统架构及应用设计
System Architecture and Application Design of Shenzhen Transportation Model Under the Concept of Shared Services
【摘要】利用交通模型为多用户与多场景提供共享服务是大数据背景下交通模型发展面临的巨大挑战。以深圳市交通仿真系统三期工程为例，提出以交通模型体系为核心、以多源交通大数据为底座、以模型参数与规划决策指标自动标定为支撑、以模型共享服务为导向全流程集成的信息化仿真系统架构，以实现复杂交通数据环境下模型高效共享服务的目标。以交通土地在线协同系统为例阐述模型共享服务的技术方法，面向法定图则修编、城市更新规划两类存量用地规划需求，构建中观尺度多种交通方式评估模型；从简化模型操作、保障数据安全的视角，交通模型系统采用基于B/S的云服务架构，包含用户端的项目评估申请、评估管理、评估结果和项目审核，以及服务端的数据与地图服务接口、模型与方案数据中间件转换、平台数据存储管理、交通模型仿真调用等功能。实践表明，共享服务理念下的深圳市交通模型系统扩大了模型应用范围，能较好地支撑规划多场景、多用户定量评估需求。
【Abstract】In the context of big data, developing a transportation model that can provide shared services for multiple users and scenarios is substantially challenging. Taking the third phase of the Shenzhen traffic simulation system project as an example, this paper presents an information-based simulation system architecture. The proposed architecture aims to achieve efficient shared services of the model in a complex traffic data environment. It integrates the entire process, centering on the transportation model system and leveraging multi-source traffic big data. It is supported by the automatic calibration of model parameters and planning decision indicators, with a focus on shared services of the model. Using the online transportation–land coordination system (TLCS) as an example, the paper describes the technical approach for the model shared services. It also builds an evaluation model for mesoscale multi-modal transportation, addressing two types of planning demands for stock land use: statutory graphic standards revisions (SGSV) and urban renewal planning (URP). To simplify model operation and ensure data security, the transportation model system adopts a B/S-based cloud service architecture. It offers user-side functions such as project evaluation applications, evaluation management, evaluation results, and project reviews, as well as service-side functions such as data and mapping service interfaces, middleware transfer of model and scheme data, storage and management of platform data, and simulated calls of the transportation model. The practice shows that the shared services concept has expanded the application scope of the Shenzhen transportation model system and provided better support for quantitative assessment needs for planning across multiple scenarios and users.
03
深圳市存量用地与城市轨道交通TOD综合开发
Integrated Development of the Stock Land and Urban Rail Transit in Shenzhen
【摘要】深圳市土地资源稀缺，可开发新增用地所剩无几，迫切需要创新传统的TOD发展模式。阐述存量用地与城市轨道交通TOD发展面临的政策与机制、土地资源、既有法定图则规划和土地权属方诉求不一等问题，明确深圳市围绕城市轨道交通车站进行一级土地整理和二级综合开发联动，通过平衡各方利益保障城市更新项目实施。从政策与机制、城市轨道交通车站及枢纽周边区域整体统筹、引导城市轨道交通车站与存量开发项目有机衔接等方面提出存量用地与城市轨道交通TOD综合开发策略。以白坭坑片区、梅林关枢纽、地铁17号线南湾站为例进行分析，总结存量用地与城市轨道交通TOD综合开发推进过程中存在的问题及应对方法。强调在整个存量用地再造过程中，地铁公司需主动作为并持续性推进相关工作，政府部门需形成存量用地TOD综合开发共识并给予相关支持，才能协调和平衡好存量用地利益，实现多方共赢。
【Abstract】Shenzhen faces a scarcity of land resources with very limited developable land. Innovative transit-oriented development (TOD) models are in urgent need. This paper examines the policies, mechanisms, land resources, conflicts between existing zoning plans and landowner appeals, and other issues associated with the integrated development of the stock land and urban rail transit. Shenzhen has achieved coordinated primary land consolidation and secondary comprehensive development around urban rail transit stations. This approach ensures the successful implementation of urban renewal projects while balancing the interests of stakeholders. The paper proposes an integrated development strategy for the stock land and urban rail transit, encompassing policies, mechanisms, the overall coordination of urban rail transit stations and surrounding areas, and establishing an organic integration of rail transit stations and stock land development projects. Taking Bainikeng Area, Meilinguan Hub, and Nanwan Station of Subway Line 17 as examples, the paper summarizes the challenges and corresponding solutions in promoting integrated development of the stock land and urban rail transit. Throughout the entire process of redeveloping the stock land, proactive engagement of subway companies and consensus among relevant governmental departments are highlighted as essential measures. Such measures enable the coordination and balance of interests of stock land, leading to a win-win outcome for all parties involved.
04
智能网联汽车管理立法研究及深圳市创新实践
Legislation of Intelligent Connected Vehicles Management and Innovative Practice in Shenzhen
【摘要】汽车电动化、智能化、网联化已成为未来发展的必然趋势，智能网联汽车正加速从测试验证步入商业化前夜。然而受既有法律法规的约束，智能网联汽车面临无合法驾驶主体地位、无法合法商业化、事故归责制度不适用、安全监管存在空白等问题。在深入分析智能网联汽车管理难点和重点的基础上，总结了欧美等发达国家及地区面向智能网联汽车商业化管理的立法经验。以全国首部智能网联汽车管理法规——《深圳经济特区智能网联汽车管理条例》为例，分析深圳市智能网联汽车管理的创新举措，包括赋予自动驾驶系统交通主体合法地位、创建地方性“产品准入—车辆登记—运输经营”管理制度、明确分场景式事故责任划分及赔偿规则、建立网络安全与数据信息保护监管机制等。深圳市通过全面建立地方性创新管理制度促进智能网联汽车产业的高质量发展。
【Abstract】The future development of electric, intelligent, and connected vehicles has become an inevitable trend. Intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs) are accelerating from testing and verification to the eve of commercialization. However, due to the constraints of laws and regulations, ICVs are facing challenges such as lack of legal driving subject status, unable to be legally commercialized, inapplicable accident distribution system, and gaps in safety supervision. Based on an in-depth analysis of the difficulties and priorities in ICVs management, this paper summarizes the legislative experience of Europe, America, and other developed countries geared toward the commercial management of ICVs. Taking the Regulations on the Administration of Intelligent Connected Vehicles of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, which is the first regulation on the administration of ICVs in China, this paper analyzes the innovative measures for the administration of ICVs in Shenzhen, including granting automatic driving systems the legal status of traffic participant, establishing a local “product access-vehicle registration-transport operation” management system, clarifying the division of liability and compensation rules in separate traffic accident scenarios, and establishing a supervisory mechanism for network security and data information protection. By developing a well-established innovative local management system, Shenzhen is promoting the high-quality development of the ICVs industry.
05
网约车合乘与地铁联运出行特征识别与节油估算
Feature Identification and Fuel-Saving Estimation for Multimodal Travel of Online Car-Hailing Ride-Sharing and Subway
【摘要】网约车合乘与地铁联运出行，不仅可以实现两种交通方式在服务功能上的优势互补，还可以放大共享出行的节能减排效益。基于滴滴出行网约车移动出行平台中北京市域拼车和顺风车运营数据以及北京地铁AFC刷卡数据，深入分析网约车合乘与地铁的竞合关系。利用非负矩阵分解算法进行延伸型通勤出行链的识别，提出考虑燃油经济性指标和车辆运行状态的通勤出行链节油估算模型。将该方法应用于北京市，发现拼车多为地铁竞争型和地铁延伸型订单，而顺风车多为地铁延伸型订单；延伸型通勤出行链主要为郊区通勤者提供地铁接驳服务。顺风车出行明显比拼车出行更加节油；“网约车合乘+地铁”通勤出行链主要来自郊区无地铁覆盖区域，该模式的平均节油率能够达到50%以上；“顺风车+地铁”出行链的节油效益好于“拼车+地铁”出行链。指出管理者应采取费用补贴、停车优惠等政策措施，鼓励“网约车合乘+地铁”通勤出行方式发展，使绿色高效的一体化出行服务惠及更多城市居民。
【Abstract】The combination of online car-hailing ride-sharing services and subway can not only achieve complementary advantages of two travel modes in terms of service functions but can also amplify the energy-saving and emission-reducing benefits of shared mobility. Based on the operational data of carpooling and hitchhiking services within the DiDi Chuxing ride-sharing platform in Beijing and the automatic fare collection (AFC) system of Beijing Subway, this paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the competitive and cooperative relationship between ride-sharing services and the rail transit. Employing the non-negative matrix factorization algorithm, the paper identifies the extension commuting chain and develops a fuel-saving estimation model considering factors such as fuel economy index and vehicle operating conditions. Applying this method to Beijing, the paper reveals that most car-sharing orders involve competition and extension with subway. Conversely, ride-sharing orders primarily extend the reach of subway, with the extension commuting chain predominantly serving suburban commuters by offering subway connection services. Notably, hitchhiking proves to be more fuel-efficient than ride-sharing. The commuting chain that combines “online car-hailing ride-sharing + subway” primarily originates from suburban areas without subway coverage, with an average fuel-saving rate surpassing 50%. Furthermore, the travel chain of “hitchhiking + subway” demonstrates superior fuel-saving benefits compared to the travel chain combining “ridesharing + subway”. It is suggested that managers should adopt policy measures such as expense allowances and parking discounts to encourage the development of the “online car-hailing ride-sharing + subway” commuting travel mode. Such measures will enable more urban residents to benefit from green and efficient integrated mobility services.
期刊推荐·Recommend Journal
《城市交通》杂志是由住房和城乡建设部主管，由中国城市规划设计研究院主办。汇聚知名教授、行业专家、理论研究新秀的优秀学术论文，是展示中国城市交通规划领域最新研究成果和国际学术动态的重要平台。刊载内容涵盖公共交通、静态交通、非机动交通、智能交通、土地利用、交通经济、交通安全等。研究主题广泛关注城市交通政策和规划，同时关注交通管理及控制，以交通预测及应对措施、基础设施规划设计、政策与规划效果预测及评估为核心。
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