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——大橙子留

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上期划线句答案

Most of what makes killer-whale ecotypes distinctistheir culture—socially learned behaviours that killer whales are known to transmit from one generation to the next.

虎鲸各种独特生态型的差异主要在于文化，即虎鲸在其社会活动中习得并代代相传的行为。

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本期内容

双语阅读

Para.1

Everyone has an accent, and each one is abeaconto the rest of the world, prompting all sorts of assumptions about the speaker’s age, geographic origins, race, socioeconomic status, even their education and intellect. The associations between voice and identity are so strong that, around the world, cultures have ordered regional accents into ahierarchyof prestige.

每个人都有自己的口音，而每种口音都是向世界各地传递信息的信标，暗示着说话之人的年龄、来自哪个地方、种族、社会经济地位，甚至教育和智力水平等方面的信息。声音和身份之间的关联如此之强，以至于在全球范围内，不同的文化按照地区口音划分了地位等级。

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1.beacon

/ˈbiːkən/

n. 灯塔，灯标; (无线电)信标; 引路人，指路明灯; (旧时的)烽火

v. 照亮，指引; 像灯塔般照耀

2.hierarchy

/ˈhaɪəˌrɑːkɪ/

n. 等级制度; 统治集团; 等级体系

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Para.2

Researchers such as Alarna Samarasinghe, a linguist at the University of Bristol, in England, have found that people in the U.K. tend to hold people with a southeastern English accent (also called received pronunciation) in higher regard than those who sound like they come from rural parts of the country. In the U.S., accents from the South are commonly described as “nicer” but less brainy. These sorts of biases can affect a speaker’s personal or professional success. For instance, John Baugh, a linguist at Washington University in St. Louis, has found that voices that sound African American or Mexican American—even when they're not attached to faces—tend to be denied more job and housing opportunities than thoseperceivedas white.

翻译划线句，在文末留言打卡，答案下期公布~在美国，来自南方的口音常被描述为“更友好”，但不那么聪明。这些偏见可能会对说话者本人或其职业成就造成影响。例如，路易斯华盛顿大学的语言学家约翰·鲍发现，即使没有与面孔联系在一起，那些听起来像非裔美国人或墨西哥裔美国人的声音通常比听起来是白人的声音收到更多工作拒信，住房机会也会更少。

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1.perceive

/pəˈsiːv/

v. 认为，理解; 察觉，注意到，意识到

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Para.3

So it’s no shock that people often try to alter their accents, especially as they move between geographies or social contexts. Ignacio Moreno-Torres, a linguist at the University of Málaga, in Spain, recalls rapidlydiscardinghis Málaga accent when he moved to Madrid for college, where his peers immediatelyribbedhim for his odd speech. Many speakers of African American Vernacular English are all too familiar with the exhausting process oftogglingbetween different ways of speaking in different social contexts, Sonja Lanehart, a linguist at the University of Arizona, told me.

因此，人们经常试图改变他们的口音并不奇怪，特别是当他们身处的地理位置或社会环境发生变化时。西班牙马拉加大学的语言学家伊格纳西奥·莫雷诺-托雷斯回忆起，当他去马德里上大学时，他的同龄人立刻就嘲笑他的奇怪口音，他很快就放弃了他的马拉加口音。亚利桑那大学的语言学家索尼娅·兰哈特告诉我，许多讲方言英语的非裔美国人对于要在不同的社交环境中切换不同的说话方式这个令人精疲力尽的过程已经再熟悉不过了。

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1.discard

/dɪsˈkɑːd/

v. 扔掉，弃置; 打出(无用的牌)，垫(牌)

n. 被抛弃物; (纸牌游戏中)垫出的牌

2.rib

/rɪb/

v. 开……的玩笑，取笑; 形成拢起的条纹(或脊坡); 装肋于

n. 肋骨; 排骨(肉)，肋条(肉); 肋骨状物(构成船、房顶等骨架的金属或木质等); (编织)罗纹，罗纹花样; 叶的脉纹(尤指叶的主脉)，(昆虫的)翅脉; (岩石的)脉纹，(田地上的)垄

3.toggle

/ˈtɒɡəl/

v. (计算机)切换，转换; 为…配备棒形纽扣(或倒钩)，用绳针拴牢，用系墙螺栓拧紧

n. 套索扣，栓扣钉; 转换键，切换键; 系墙螺栓; (鱼叉上的)转动倒钩

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Para.4

Accents, of course, don’t always bend to expectation or hierarchy. English that’s strongly Indian-accented can, for some people, be more challenging to understand, Okim Kang, a linguist at Northern Arizona University, told me. But she once interviewed a lawyer who was dead set on maintaining that accent because it helped her connect with her clients, who spoke in a similar way. Another person she worked with lost her high-status British accent within months of starting to date an American. “If I want to be socially closer to you, then I’m more likely toimitatewhat you’re doing,” Cynthia Clopper, a linguist at Ohio State University, told me. “But I can also move further away.”

口音，当然，并不总是会顺应期望或等级。亚利桑那北部大学的语言学家奥基姆·康告诉我，带有浓重印度口音的英语对一些人来说在理解上可能更具挑战性。但她曾经采访过一位坚决要保持那种口音的律师，因为这有助于她与说话口音类似的客户建立联系。她另一位合作的人，在开始约会美国人几个月后就失去了她那高级的英国口音。“如果我想在社交上更接近你，那我更有可能模仿你的行为，”俄亥俄州立大学的语言学家辛西娅·克洛珀告诉我。“但我也可以朝反方向走得更远。”

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1.imitate

/ˈɪmɪˌteɪt/

v. 模仿，仿效; 作滑稽模仿; 仿造，伪造

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Para.5

Our voices, after all, have a powerful influence over the people who interact with us. Researchers have found that little kids generally prefer to hang out with children who look like them—until they’re offered the chance to befriend someone who sounds like them, regardless of appearance. And we’re aware of these tendencies, at least subconsciously. Speakers of all ages naturally take on themannerismsand vocal patterns of the people they’re interacting with, sometimes within the span of a single conversation, Morgan Sonderegger, a linguist at McGill University, in Canada, told me.

毕竟，我们的声音对与我们互动的人有着强大的影响。研究人员发现，小孩子一般更倾向于和与自己长得像的小孩玩耍，直到他们有机会与说话方式相似的人交朋友，而不管外貌如何。而且我们知道这种倾向的存在，至少潜意识里意识到了。加拿大麦吉尔大学的语言学家摩根·桑德雷格告诉我，各个年龄段的说话的人都会自然而然地模仿他们正在互动的人的举止和说话模式，有时甚至在一次对话中就会发生这种变化。

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1.mannerism

/ˈmænəˌrɪzəm/

n. 特殊习惯；矫揉造作；怪癖

点击此处查看词汇词组

本文节选自：The Atlantic（大西洋月刊）

发布时间：2024.05.18

作者：SCIENCE

原文标题：The Study-Abroad Accent Might Be the Real Deal

写作句总结

Our voices, after all, have a powerful influence over the people who interact with us.

结构：Our …, after all, have a powerful influence over the people who interact with us.