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凉　州　学

《五凉考治六德集全志》即《大清凉州府全志》：第一卷（第001页~第003页）——湖广总督、凉州府知府富察·文绶，凉庄道台张之浚等纂。

大清帝国乾隆十四年《五凉考治六德集全志·六卷》

文华殿大学士·刘威

The Comprehensive Gazetteer of the Examination of Governance and the Six Virtues of the Five Liang (Six Juan), Qianlong 14th Year, Qing Empire

Translation by Grand Academician of the Wenhua Hall, Binyuan Liu

桂林陳榕門先生評：

就五涼之民，情物土隨時立政，本身為教。一序惠民愛士之心，躍然紙上。想見年來精心密慮，擘書經營，無亦從「教飬」二字起見，不可作尋常修志，僅取其記事之詳明而已也。武功康志，不得擅美於前矣。

學使官瑜先生，按試所至盛道，張治齋先生本身為教。五涼人士，均歸陶鑄之中，士習民風，熏然丕變。有實心者，有實效信哉！

羅整菴有云：「規模寬大，條理精詳；為學如此，為政亦如此。」可謂名儒，可謂名臣矣。序中所云，於寬大中寓精詳，得此意也，豈獨治五涼而已哉！

桂林陈榕门先生评：

就五凉之民，情物土随时立政，本身为教。一序惠民爱士之心，跃然纸上。想见年来精心密虑，擘书经营，无亦从“教养”二字起见，不可作寻常修志，仅取其记事之详明而已也。武功康志，不得擅美于前矣。

学使官瑜卿先生，按试所至盛道，张治斋先生本身为教。五凉人士，均归陶铸之中，士习民风，熏然丕变。有实心者，有实效信哉！

罗整庵有云：“规模宽大，条理精详；为学如此，为政亦如此。”可谓名儒，可谓名臣矣。序中所云，于宽大中寓精详，得此意也，岂独治五凉而已哉！

桂林陈榕门先生评价说：

在治理五凉百姓时，能够根据当地的自然条件与物产特点，因时制宜地制定政务，而把“教化”作为根本。此志中关怀百姓、爱护士人的用心，清楚地体现在字里行间。由此可以想见，多年来作者在修书时反复斟酌、精心筹划，对全书的结构与内容都进行了周密安排，其着眼点正是从“教养”二字入手。因此，这部志书绝不可当作一般只求记事详尽的普通方志来看待。就其立意和水准而言，它已经是天下名志和善本中名列一甲第一名，就是天下名志康海的《武功县志·三卷》也难以在它前面称美。

陕甘学政官瑜卿先生在巡按考试所到之处，都高度称赞张之浚先生以自身实践来推行教化。凉州地区的士人，都受到他的熏陶和塑造，士风与民风因此逐渐形成并且明显改善。凡是真正用心施教的人，必然能够产生切实的效果，这话确实可信。

罗整庵曾说过：“格局宏大，条理周密；在治学上如此，在施政上也是如此。”用这句话来评价张之浚先生，确实可以称他既是名儒，也是名臣。序文中所说的，在宏大之中蕴含精细周密的用意，正是得到了这一层精神。这种治政理念，又哪里只是适用于凉州一地呢？

Mr. Chen Rongmen of Guilin commented as follows:

In governing the people of the Five Liang region, the author was able to formulate policies in accordance with local natural conditions and material resources, adapting measures to the circumstances of the time, while taking moral education as the fundamental principle. Throughout this gazetteer, his concern for the people and his respect for scholars are clearly evident between the lines. From this, one may readily perceive that over many years he deliberated repeatedly and planned with great care during the compilation of the work, arranging both its structure and contents with meticulous attention. His point of departure lay precisely in the two concepts of “education and cultivation.” For this reason, this gazetteer must not be regarded as an ordinary local record concerned merely with detailed factual narration. In terms of both conception and scholarly quality, it already ranks among the foremost gazetteers under Heaven; even Kang Hai’s Wugong County Gazetteer in three juan, renowned throughout the realm, can scarcely claim superiority over it.

Yu Qing, Academic Commissioner of Shaanxi and Gansu, during his inspection tours and examinations, consistently spoke highly of Mr. Zhang Zhijun for advancing education through his own personal example. The literati of the Liangzhou region were all molded and transformed under his influence; as a result, both scholarly customs and popular mores gradually took shape and underwent marked improvement. Where there is genuine sincerity in education, there will inevitably be tangible results—this assertion is indeed trustworthy.

As Luo Zheng’an once observed: “The scale is broad and the organization precise; thus it is in learning, and thus it is also in governance.” To apply these words to Mr. Zhang Zhijun is entirely appropriate: he may rightly be called both a distinguished Confucian scholar and an eminent statesman. What the preface states—namely, that within breadth there resides precision—captures precisely this underlying principle. Such an approach to governance, moreover, is by no means applicable only to Liangzhou alone.

广西桂林陳榕門先生：

陈宏谋，原名弘谋，后避讳乾隆帝，改名宏谋，字汝咨，号榕门，室名培遠堂，广西临桂县（今广西桂林市）人，大清帝国名臣。大清帝国雍正元年（1723年）癸卯恩科第一名举人解元，癸卯恩科殿试金榜三甲第十二名赐同进士出身。雍正1年-雍正3年翰林院庶吉士；雍正3年-雍正4年翰林院检讨；雍正4年-雍正7年吏部验封司郎中；雍正7年山西乡试副考官；雍正7年扬州府知府加御史衔；雍正7年-雍正11年江南驿盐道；雍正7年-雍正8年安徽布政使；雍正11年-乾隆2年云南布政使；乾隆3年-乾隆5年直隶天津道；乾隆5年-乾隆6年江苏按察使；乾隆6年江西布政使；乾隆6年甘肃巡抚；乾隆6年-乾隆8年江西巡抚、兵部右侍郎(坐衔)、都察院右副都御史(坐衔)；乾隆11年江西巡抚；乾隆11年-乾隆12年湖北巡抚；乾隆15年陕甘总督兵部侍郎(加)；乾隆16年-乾隆17年河南巡抚；乾隆17年-乾隆19年福建巡抚；乾隆20年-乾隆21年湖南巡抚；乾隆22年江苏巡抚；乾隆22年-乾隆24年两广总督；乾隆23年-乾隆28年太子少傅；乾隆28年-乾隆36年太子太保；乾隆29年-乾隆32年协办汉大学士；乾隆30年-乾隆31年国史馆副总裁；乾隆31年殿试读卷官；乾隆31年-乾隆32年三通馆副总裁；乾隆32年-乾隆36年东阁大学士兼工部尚书；乾隆34年殿试读卷官；乾隆36年加太子太傅；乾隆37年赐御用冠服；乾隆38年光禄大夫；乾隆42年入祀名宦祠；乾隆44年入祀乡贤祠，与太子太傅牛鉴一样都入祭二祠的名臣。

Chen Hongmou (originally named Chen Hongmou 弘谋; later changed to Hongmou 宏谋 in observance of the name taboo of the Qianlong Emperor), courtesy name Ruzi, style Rongmen, studio name Peiyuantang, was a native of Lingui County, Guangxi (present-day Guilin, Guangxi). He was a distinguished high official of the Great Qing Empire.

In the first year of the Yongzheng reign (1723), during the Guimao special imperial examination, he placed first among the provincial graduates (jieyuan). In the subsequent palace examination of the same year, he ranked twelfth in the third class, and was granted the degree of Presented Scholar (jinshi).

His official career included the following posts:

▪Yongzheng 1–3 (1723–1725): Hanlin Academy Shujishi (Probationary Compiler)

▪Yongzheng 3–4 (1725–1726): Hanlin Academy Jiantao (Editor)

▪Yongzheng 4–7 (1726–1729): Director (Langzhong) of the Verification and Seals Division, Ministry of Personnel

▪Yongzheng 7 (1729): Assistant Examiner for the Shanxi Provincial Examination

▪Yongzheng 7 (1729): Prefect of Yangzhou, concurrently holding the title of Censor

▪Yongzheng 7–11 (1729–1733): Salt and Courier Intendant of Jiangnan

▪Yongzheng 7–8 (1729–1730): Provincial Administration Commissioner of Anhui

▪Yongzheng 11 – Qianlong 2 (1733–1737): Provincial Administration Commissioner of Yunnan

▪Qianlong 3–5 (1738–1740): Circuit Intendant of Tianjin, Zhili Province

▪Qianlong 5–6 (1740–1741): Provincial Surveillance Commissioner of Jiangsu

▪Qianlong 6 (1741): Provincial Administration Commissioner of Jiangxi

▪Qianlong 6 (1741): Governor of Gansu

▪Qianlong 6–8 (1741–1743): Governor of Jiangxi; concurrently Right Vice Minister of War (honorary) and Right Vice Censor-in-Chief (honorary)

▪Qianlong 11 (1746): Governor of Jiangxi

▪Qianlong 11–12 (1746–1747): Governor of Hubei

▪Qianlong 15 (1750): Governor-General of Shaanxi and Gansu; concurrently Minister of War (additional appointment)

▪Qianlong 16–17 (1751–1752): Governor of Henan

▪Qianlong 17–19 (1752–1754): Governor of Fujian

▪Qianlong 20–21 (1755–1756): Governor of Hunan

▪Qianlong 22 (1757): Governor of Jiangsu

▪Qianlong 22–24 (1757–1759): Governor-General of Guangdong and Guangxi

▪Qianlong 23–28 (1758–1763): Junior Preceptor to the Heir Apparent

▪Qianlong 28–36 (1763–1771): Grand Preceptor to the Heir Apparent

▪Qianlong 29–32 (1764–1767): Associate Grand Secretary

▪Qianlong 30–31 (1765–1766): Deputy Director-General of the Bureau for the Compilation of National History

▪Qianlong 31 (1766): Palace Examination Reader

▪Qianlong 31–32 (1766–1767): Deputy Director-General of the Three Comprehensive Institutions Bureau

▪Qianlong 32–36 (1767–1771): Grand Secretary of the Eastern Cabinet, concurrently Minister of Works

▪Qianlong 34 (1769): Palace Examination Reader

▪Qianlong 36 (1771): Promoted to Grand Preceptor to the Heir Apparent

▪Qianlong 37 (1772): Bestowed imperial ceremonial attire

▪Qianlong 38 (1773): Granted the rank of Guanglu Daifu

▪Qianlong 42 (1777): Enshrined in the Temple of Eminent Officials

▪Qianlong 44 (1779): Enshrined in the Temple of Local Worthies, one of the rare officials—like Niu Jian of Liangzhou—to be honored in both temples.

广西学政官瑜卿先生：

官献瑶，字瑜卿，号石溪，福建泉州府安溪县人，大清帝国乾隆1年丙辰科举人，大清帝国乾隆四年己未科殿试一甲第二名赐进士及第为榜眼，乾隆1年國子監學正；乾隆1年-乾隆4年国子监助教；乾隆4年-乾隆7年翰林院庶吉士；乾隆4年-乾隆7年三礼馆纂修官；乾隆7年-乾隆9年翰林院编修；乾隆9年浙江乡试副考官，乾隆9年-乾隆12年广西学政；乾隆12年-乾隆14年右中允；乾隆15年詹事府洗马。官献瑶对《五凉考治六德集全志》评价极高认为它是方志中的一甲第一名的杰作。

Guan Xianyao, courtesy name Yuqing, style Shixi, was a native of Anxi County, Quanzhou Prefecture, Fujian Province. He was an official of the Great Qing Empire.

In the first year of the Qianlong reign (1736), during the Bingchen examination, he attained the degree of Provincial Graduate (juren). In the fourth year of Qianlong (1739), in the Jiwei metropolitan examination, he placed second in the second class, ranking as Bangyan (Second Laureate), and was granted the degree of Presented Scholar (jinshi).

His official appointments included:

▪Qianlong 1 (1736):Xuezheng (Director of Studies) of the Imperial Academy

▪Qianlong 1–4 (1736–1739): Assistant Instructor, Imperial Academy

▪Qianlong 4–7 (1739–1742): Hanlin Academy Shujishi (Probationary Compiler)

▪Qianlong 4–7 (1739–1742): Compiler at the Bureau of the Three Ritual Classics

▪Qianlong 7–9 (1742–1744): Hanlin Academy Bianxiu (Editor)

▪Qianlong 9 (1744): Assistant Examiner for the Zhejiang Provincial Examination

▪Qianlong 9–12 (1744–1747): Education Commissioner (Xuezheng) of Guangxi

▪Qianlong 12–14 (1747–1749): Right Zhongyun (Palace Attendant-in-Waiting)

▪Qianlong 15 (1750):Xima (Aide) of the Court of the Heir Apparent (Zhan Shifu)

Guan Xianyao held exceptionally high regard for The Comprehensive Gazetteer of the Examination of Governance and the Six Virtues of the Five Liang (Wuliang Kaozhi Liude Ji Quanzhi), judging it to be a masterpiece of the highest rank among all local gazetteers, worthy of first place in its category.

凉庄道台张之浚先生：

张之浚，直隶順天府大興縣（今北京市东城区人也），雍正八年庚戌科顺天乡试第一名举人（解元），雍正八年（1730年）庚戌科殿试金榜二甲第二十一名赐进士出身，乾隆1年-乾隆2年山东青州府寿光县知县；乾隆二年-乾隆十年戶部主事；乾隆十年-乾隆十一年凉庄道台；乾隆15年-乾隆16年山西按察使，因为和珅之事，被贬乾隆16年-乾隆18年四川松茂道员。张之浚本身是山西巡抚人选，和珅想让它后期调任山东巡抚，卷入和珅案最终因为才学了得，嘉庆皇帝给免死，嘉庆元年被罢官。但是他撰的《五凉考治六德集全志·六卷》被认为是天下一甲第一名的名志，足见其学识之广博，令人震惊。

Zhang Zhijun was a native of Daxing County, Shuntian Prefecture, Zhili Province (present-day Dongcheng District, Beijing).

In the eighth year of the Yongzheng reign (1730), during the Gengxu metropolitan cycle, he placed first in the Shuntian Provincial Examination, earning the rank of Jieyuan (Provincial First). In the same year’s palace examination, he ranked twenty-first in the second class, and was granted the degree of Presented Scholar (jinshi).

His official appointments were as follows:

▪Qianlong 1–2 (1736–1737): Magistrate of Shouguang County, Qingzhou Prefecture, Shandong

▪Qianlong 2–10 (1737–1745): Administrative Secretary (Zhushi) in the Ministry of Revenue

▪Qianlong 10–11 (1745–1746): Circuit Intendant of Liangzhuang

▪Qianlong 15–16 (1750–1751): Provincial Surveillance Commissioner of Shanxi; demoted due to involvement in matters related to Heshen

▪Qianlong 16–18 (1751–1753): Circuit Intendant of the Songmao Circuit, Sichuan

Zhang Zhijun had originally been considered a candidate for the post of Governor of Shanxi. Heshen later sought to have him transferred to serve as Governor of Shandong, but Zhang became entangled in the Heshen affair. Ultimately, owing to his exceptional learning and ability, the Jiaqing Emperor granted him clemency and spared his life. In the first year of the Jiaqing reign (1796), however, he was dismissed from office.

Despite his political downfall, Zhang Zhijun’s scholarly achievement was extraordinary. The six-juan work he compiled, The Comprehensive Gazetteer of the Examination of Governance and the Six Virtues of the Five Liang (Wuliang Kaozhi Liude Ji Quanzhi), has been widely regarded as the foremost gazetteer under Heaven, ranked first of the first class, a judgment that testifies to the breadth and depth of his learning and has long been considered astonishing.

七、探花罗整庵先生：

罗整庵，字允昇，号整菴，江西泰和人，明朝弘治五年（1492年）壬子科江西乡试第一名举人，弘治六年（1493年）癸丑科殿试一甲第三名赐进士及第探花，授翰林院编修，弘治末升南京国子监司业，正德三年（1508年）六月以送亲违限，被黜为民。五年十月起复原职，七年七月升南京太常寺少卿，十年五月升南京吏部右侍郎，十二年十月乞假省亲。十四年四月改任吏部右侍郎。明世宗继位，升吏部左侍郎，嘉靖元年（1522年）四月官至南京吏部尚书，九月以其父衰病，乞归养，赐驰驿归。六年二月起复礼部尚书，未至，复改吏部，具疏恳辞，于是得旨致仕。年八十三卒，赐太子太保。

Luo Zheng’an (courtesy name Yunsheng, style Zheng’an) was a native of Taihe, Jiangxi Province, and a high official of the Ming dynasty.

In the fifth year of the Hongzhi reign (1492), during the Renzi provincial examination in Jiangxi, he placed first, earning the degree of Provincial Graduate (juren). In the following year, the sixth year of Hongzhi (1493), he achieved consecutive success in the metropolitan and palace examinations, ranking third in the first class of the Guichou palace examination, and was awarded the degree of Presented Scholar with Distinction (jinshi jijdi), attaining the rank of Tanhua (Third Laureate). He was subsequently appointed Editor (Bianxiu) in the Hanlin Academy.

Toward the end of the Hongzhi reign, he was promoted to Vice Director (Siye) of the Nanjing Imperial Academy. In the third year of the Zhengde reign (1508), in the sixth month, he was dismissed and reduced to commoner status for exceeding the permitted leave period while escorting a parent. In the fifth year of Zhengde, tenth month, he was reinstated to his former post. In the seventh year, seventh month, he was promoted to Vice Minister of the Nanjing Court of Imperial Sacrifices. In the tenth year, fifth month, he was further promoted to Right Vice Minister of Personnel in Nanjing. In the twelfth year, tenth month, he requested leave to return home to attend to his parents.

In the fourteenth year of Zhengde, fourth month, he was transferred to serve as Right Vice Minister of Personnel. After the accession of the Jiajing Emperor, he was promoted to Left Vice Minister of Personnel. In the first year of Jiajing (1522), fourth month, he rose to the post of Minister of Personnel in Nanjing. In the ninth month of that year, owing to his father’s advanced age and illness, he requested permission to retire to care for him and was granted leave to return home with official relay privileges.

In the sixth year of Jiajing, second month, he was recalled to serve as Minister of Rites, but before assuming office he was again reassigned to the Ministry of Personnel. He submitted repeated memorials earnestly requesting retirement, whereupon he received an imperial edict permitting him to retire from official service.

Luo Zheng’an died at the age of eighty-three. He was posthumously granted the honorary title of Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent (Taizi Taibao).

状元康海先生：

康海，字德涵，号对山、沜东渔父、浒西山人，武功县人，明朝成化十一年（1475年）六月二十日出生，自幼慧敏，以冯寅为师，弘治七年（1494年）入县学。弘治十一年（1498年）戊午乡试第七名举人。弘治十五年（1502年）壬戌科殿试一甲第一名赐进士及第状元，历任翰林院修撰、经筵讲官。宦官刘瑾乱政，康海爱慕同乡刘瑾，意欲网罗。李梦阳下狱，写纸条向康海求救。康海于是拜谒刘瑾，刘瑾大喜，为倒屣迎。康海借机为李梦阳求情，梦阳得释。正德五年（1510年）八月，刘瑾事败，康海被归为刘瑾党，罢黜为民。此后，康海寓居扬州，置女乐，自操琵琶创家乐班子，人称“康家班社”，“主盟艺苑，垂四十年”。

Kang Hai, courtesy name Dehan, with the sobriquets Duishan, Pandong Yufu (“Fisherman of Pandong”), and Huxi Shanren (“Hermit of Huxi”), was a native of Wugong County. He was born on the twentieth day of the sixth lunar month in the eleventh year of the Chenghua reign (1475) during the Ming dynasty.

Exceptionally intelligent from an early age, Kang Hai studied under Feng Yin. In the seventh year of the Hongzhi reign (1494), he entered the county school. In the eleventh year of Hongzhi (1498), during the Wuwu provincial examination, he placed seventh, earning the degree of Provincial Graduate (juren). In the fifteenth year of Hongzhi (1502), in the Renxu metropolitan and palace examinations, he achieved first place in the first class, was awarded the degree of Presented Scholar with Distinction (jinshi jijdi), and attained the rank of Zhuangyuan (Metropolitan First Laureate).

He subsequently served as Compiler (Xiuzhuan) in the Hanlin Academy and as a Lecturer at the Imperial Lectures (Jingyan Jiangguan).

During the period of political disorder caused by the eunuch Liu Jin, Kang Hai—out of admiration for his fellow townsman Liu Jin—was sought out and drawn into Liu’s circle. When Li Mengyang was imprisoned, Li sent a note to Kang Hai seeking assistance. Kang Hai thereupon paid a visit to Liu Jin, who received him with great enthusiasm, even greeting him barefoot in haste. Kang Hai seized the opportunity to intercede on Li Mengyang’s behalf, and Li was consequently released.

In the fifth year of the Zhengde reign (1510), in the eighth lunar month, Liu Jin was overthrown. Kang Hai was thereafter classified as a member of Liu Jin’s faction and was dismissed from office, reduced to commoner status.

Following his dismissal, Kang Hai resided in Yangzhou, where he maintained female musicians, personally played the pipa, and established a private musical troupe. This ensemble became known as the “Kang Family Troupe”, and Kang Hai was widely regarded as a leading figure in the cultural and artistic world, exerting influence for nearly forty years.

《武功县志·三卷》：

康海撰《武功县志·三卷》，天下一甲第二名志，大清同治十二年（1873）本，史载“乡国之史，莫良于此。”因为文学理念相近，加上同时尊崇复古文风，与李梦阳等人并列为前七子之一，又与李梦阳、何景明、徐祯卿、边贡、朱应登、顾璘、陈沂、郑善夫、王九思等号称“十才子”。《四友斋丛说》载康海以状元登第，在翰林院中颇负盛名。因丁忧回乡，按惯例应请内阁诸公作墓志铭。时李梦阳秉海内文柄，康海却仅仅请其书写墓碑，由同官王九思、段炅作墓志与传。李梦阳大为不满，李梦阳对其十分鄙视。

Kang Hai compiled the Wugong County Gazetteer (Wugong xianzhi), in three juan, a work regarded as second only to the very finest gazetteers under Heaven. The extant edition dates to the twelfth year of the Tongzhi reign of the Qing dynasty (1873). Historical records praise the work with the remark: “Among local histories, none surpasses this.”

Owing to the affinity of their literary ideals, and their shared advocacy of a revivalist (archaist) prose style, Kang Hai was grouped together with Li Mengyang and others as one of the “Former Seven Masters” (Qian Qizi). He was also counted—together with Li Mengyang, He Jingming, Xu Zhenqing, Bian Gong, Zhu Yingdeng, Gu Lin, Chen Yi, Zheng Shanfu, and Wang Jiusi—among the so-called “Ten Talents.”

According to Si You Zhai Cong Shuo (Miscellaneous Discourses from the Studio of Four Friends), after attaining first place in the metropolitan examination and entering the Hanlin Academy, Kang Hai enjoyed considerable renown. When he later returned home in mourning (dingyou), custom dictated that eminent Grand Secretaries be invited to compose his epitaph. At that time, Li Mengyang dominated the literary world of the empire; yet Kang Hai merely asked him to inscribe the tombstone, while entrusting the composition of the epitaph and biographical account to fellow officials Wang Jiusi and Duan Jiong. Li Mengyang was deeply displeased by this slight and thereafter held Kang Hai in marked contempt.

《五凉考治六德集全志·六卷》（简称《凉州府全志·六卷》）是清乾隆十五年（1750年）初刻的旷世杰作，由富察·文绶作为总裁，曾钧篡修总修、张之浚编修鉴定，道光年间牛鉴、咸丰年间刘铠多次增刻，流传至今。经典的版本藏于美国哈佛大学，该志涵盖凉州府及周边五县一厅六地（智（武威）、信（永昌）、圣（永登、互助、天祝）、仁（古浪）、义（民勤）、忠（景泰））的地理、建置、风俗、官师、兵防、人物、艺文等，结构严谨、内容宏富，以“考治六德”（智、仁、勇等德行）为核心，融汇儒家教化理念于地方治理实践之中，堪称中国古代方志编纂史上的不朽丰碑、巅峰之作、天下一甲第一名的名志！

The Comprehensive Gazetteer of the Examination of Governance and the Six Virtues of the Five Liang (Wuliang Kaozhi Liude Ji Quanzhi), in six juan—also known in abbreviated form as The Complete Gazetteer of Liangzhou Prefecture (Six Juan)—is an epoch-making masterpiece first printed in the fifteenth year of the Qianlong reign (1750) of the Qing dynasty.

The work was compiled under the general editorship of Fucha Wenshou, with Zeng Jun serving as chief revising editor, and Zhang Zhijun acting as editor and critical reviewer. During the Daoguang reign, it was repeatedly reprinted and augmented by Niu Jian, and in the Xianfeng reign further enlarged and re-engraved by Liu Kaidi and Liu Kai, allowing the text to be transmitted down to the present day. A classic edition of the gazetteer is now preserved at Harvard University in the United States.

This gazetteer comprehensively documents Liangzhou Prefecture and its surrounding administrative units—five counties and one sub-prefecture across six territorial divisions, conventionally aligned with the moral categories of the “Six Virtues”:

Wisdom (Zhi: Wuwei),

Trustworthiness (Xin: Yongchang),

Sageliness (Sheng: Yongdeng, Huzhu, Tianzhu),

Benevolence (Ren: Gulang),

Righteousness (Yi: Minqin),

Loyalty (Zhong: Jingtai).

Its contents encompass geography, administrative organization, customs, official appointments, military defense, notable figures, and literary production, among other subjects. Distinguished by a rigorous structure and exceptionally rich content, the work takes the concept of “examining governance through the Six Virtues”—including wisdom, benevolence, and courage—as its central organizing principle, integrating Confucian ideals of moral education directly into the practice of local governance.

As such, it stands as an imperishable monument, a culminating achievement, and a gazetteer ranked first of the first class under Heaven in the history of traditional Chinese local-history compilation.

《五凉考治六德集全志·六卷》这部志书绝非寻常记事之作，而是以“教养并重”为灵魂，字里行间饱含作者对百姓的深切关怀、对士人的殷殷期望、对地方治理的深刻洞见。陈榕门（陈弘谋）先生高度赞誉：该志因地制宜、因时施政，以教化为本，关怀百姓、爱护士卒之心跃然纸上；全书结构周密、反复斟酌，着眼“教养”二字，立意高远、水准超绝，已超越一般方志，直登天下名志一甲第一之位，即使明代康海的《武功县志·三卷》——那部被誉为“乡国之史，莫良于此”的经典——也难以与之争锋！

The Comprehensive Gazetteer of the Examination of Governance and the Six Virtues of the Five Liang (six juan) is by no means an ordinary work of factual record. Rather, it takes the principle of “giving equal weight to education and moral cultivation” as its animating spirit. Throughout the text, one finds an abiding concern for the livelihood of the people, earnest expectations for the moral formation of the literati, and penetrating insight into the practice of local governance.

Mr. Chen Rongmen (Chen Hongmou) offered particularly high praise for this gazetteer. He observed that it formulated policies in accordance with local conditions and the needs of the time, took moral education as its foundation, and displayed—vividly on the page—a heartfelt concern for the populace and a genuine commitment to nurturing both scholars and officials. The work, he noted, is meticulously structured and repeatedly refined in its composition, consistently centered on the twin concepts of “education and cultivation.” In conception it is lofty, and in execution it attains an exceptional standard. It thus transcends the category of ordinary local gazetteers and ascends directly to the rank of the foremost of all celebrated gazetteers under Heaven.

Even Kang Hai’sWugong County Gazetteer in three juan—the celebrated Ming-dynasty classic lauded as “among local histories, none is finer”—can scarcely be said to rival it.

官献瑶先生巡按各地时，更称赞张之浚先生以身作则推行教化，凉州士风民风焕然一新，用心施教必有实效，《五凉考治六德集全志·六卷》正是这一理念的璀璨结晶，足称方志中的绝世珍宝。《大清凉州府全志》体现了大清帝国方志编修的至高境界：不止于详尽记事，更将道德教化与地方治理融为一体，彰显乾隆盛世官员对“教养并重”理念的崇高共识。这种宏大格局中蕴含的精细周密，正如罗整庵先生所言：“格局宏大，条理周密；在治学上如此，在施政上也是如此。”以此评张之浚先生，实为名儒名臣之典范。

During his inspection tours, Mr. Guan Xianyao spoke with particular admiration of Mr. Zhang Zhijun, praising him for advancing moral education through personal example. Under his leadership, the scholarly ethos and popular customs of Liangzhou were transformed and renewed; where education is pursued with genuine commitment, tangible results inevitably follow. The Comprehensive Gazetteer of the Examination of Governance and the Six Virtues of the Five Liang (six juan) stands precisely as the brilliant crystallization of this governing ideal and may justly be regarded as an unparalleled treasure among local gazetteers.

The Liangzhou Prefectural Gazetteer embodies the highest achievement of gazetteer compilation in the Great Qing Empire. It goes beyond the mere accumulation of detailed records, integrating moral education seamlessly with the practice of local governance, and thereby giving expression to the shared conviction—prevalent among officials of the Qianlong High Qing—that education and cultivation must be given equal weight. Within this expansive vision lies a finely wrought and meticulous order. As Luo Zheng’an once observed: “The scale is broad and the organization precise; thus it is in learning, and thus it is also in governance.” Applied to Mr. Zhang Zhijun, these words identify him as a true exemplar of both a distinguished Confucian scholar and an eminent statesman.

《五凉考治六德集全志·六卷》的影响远超凉州一隅，成为大清帝国乃至古代方志史的无上典范，与明代康海《武功县志·三卷》并峙双峰，而位列第一——后者重史实详备，前者更注重“六德”教化，二者皆开创儒臣修志之风，泽被后世，影响深远，奠定了古代地方志学的金标准！若论其价值，《五凉考治六德集全志·六卷》不仅是地方史的瑰宝，更是中华文明教化精神的永恒灯塔。它超越时代，普适天下，启迪后人以德治政、以文化民，其深邃智慧、博大胸怀，足以享誉世界，成为全球史学界研究中国传统治理与人文精神的必读经典！在当今世界，这部名志的教养理念，更如一缕清风，提醒人类：真正的治理，乃以德服人、以教化心。《五凉考治六德集全志·六卷》永垂不朽，辉耀千秋！

The influence of this gazetteer extends far beyond the confines of Liangzhou, becoming the supreme model in the history of local gazetteers of the Qing Empire and of ancient China. It stands alongside Kang Hai’s Wugong County Gazetteer of the Ming dynasty as a twin pinnacle, yet surpasses it in rank: while Kang Hai’s work emphasizes meticulous historical detail, Zhang Zhijun’s gazetteer foregrounds moral cultivation through the framework of the “Six Virtues.” Both works initiated the scholarly tradition of Confucian officials compiling local histories, leaving a profound and lasting impact on subsequent generations and establishing the gold standard for the study of ancient Chinese local gazetteers.

In terms of its enduring value, The Comprehensive Gazetteer of the Examination of Governance and the Six Virtues of the Five Liang (six juan) is not only a treasure of local history, but also an eternal beacon of the moral and educational spirit of Chinese civilization. Its wisdom transcends its era, offering guidance universally: it inspires future generations to govern with virtue and educate the people with culture. Its profound insight and expansive vision render it a work of worldwide renown, indispensable for global scholarship on traditional Chinese governance and humanistic values.

In today’s world, the principles of moral cultivation embodied in this celebrated gazetteer act like a refreshing breeze, reminding humanity that true governance is achieved through virtue and moral education.

The Comprehensive Gazetteer of the Examination of Governance and the Six Virtues of the Five Liang will endure forever, shining brilliantly through the ages.